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WORLD
RELIGIONS
Christianity, Judaism, Islam Buddhism, Hinduism Monotheistic Religions Belief in one god Originated in Middle East (Mesopotamia, Israel and Saudi Arabia) Judaism Christianity Islam What is Judaism? Oldest monotheistic religion
Religion of Ancient Israelites (Hebrews) Today is primarily found in Israel, United States, and Eastern Europe Origins of Judaism • Began in Ancient Israel • Founded by Abraham • Began nearly 4000 years ago Beliefs of Judaism One god called Yahweh (God) God‟s “chosen people” Have a covenant (agreement) with God Follow Jewish law - the Ten Commandments One day a Messiah (messenger or savior) will arrive Can only eat kosher foods – no pork, shellfish, or meat prepared Judaism Holy Book – Torah Place of Worship – Synagogue Sects/Branches – Orthodox
Reformed
Conservative Holidays & Holy Holidays: Yom Days Kippur – Day of Atonement Fasting Rosh
Hashanah – Jewish New Year Hanukkah – Nine day festival Lighting the menorah
Holy Day: Shabbat Sacred Places Jews consider Jerusalem to be holy Western Wall (“Wailing Wall”) Only remaining wall of ancient Jewish temple What is Monotheistic - Developed out of Christianity? Judaism Religion of followers (disciples) of Jesus Today is primarily found in North America, South America, Europe, Southern Africa, Australia Origins of Christianity • Began in Ancient Israel • Founded by Jesus • Began nearly 2000 years ago Beliefs of Christianity One god (God) Follow the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Was Son of God Died on cross and rose again Was the Messiah Goal is to go to heaven Follow Ten Commandments Christianity Holy Book – Bible Old Testament New Testament Place of Worship – Church Cathedral Sects/Branches – Roman Catholic Holidays & Holy Holidays: Days Christmas – Birth of Jesus Easter – Death and Resurrection Holy Day: Sunday
Rituals/Ceremonies: Baptism
Communion Sacred Places Jerusalem Vatican City Holy Seat of Roman Catholic Church Home of the Pope St. Peter‟s Basilica Sistine Chapel What is Islam? Monotheis tic religion Followers are called Muslims Today is primarily found in Middle East, North Origins of Islam • Began in Saudi Arabia • Founded by Muhamm ad • Began in 610 CE Beliefs of Islam One god called Allah („God‟ in Arabic) Muhammad was the final prophet (messenger) Five Pillars Five Pillars of Declare that there is only one God, Islam
Allah (Shahada) Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca (Salah) Give to the poor (Zakat) Fast during the month of Ramadan (Saum) Pilgrimage to Mecca once during lifetime (Hajj) Islam Holy Book – Qur‟an Place of Worship – Mosque Sects/Branches – Sunni Shi‟i Holidays & Holy Holidays: Days Ramadan Month long period of fasting Eid al Fitr
Feast at end
of Ramadan Holy Day: Friday prayers
at mosque Sacred Mecca Places Great Mosque Ka‟aba Jerusalem Dome of the Rock Eastern Religions
Buddhism Hinduism Way of Polythei life, sti c Philosoph y What is Hinduism? Polytheistic religion
Followers are called
Hindus Today is primarily found in India World‟s oldest major religion Philosophy and way of life Origins of Hinduism • Began in Indus Valley (Ancient India/Modern Pakistan) • No single founder • Originated between 4000 and 2000 BC Beliefs of Hinduism Polytheistic Every living thing is a part of one soul – Atman Reincarnation – eternal soul reborn into different bodies till it finds liberation Karma – the result of good and bad actions that determine the soul‟s next life Who do Hindus the major – worship? gods of the Hindu Pantheon Brahma, the creator
Vishnu, the preserver
Shiva, god of constructive destruction (the transformer) How does Hinduism direct life in this world? Respect for all living things – vegetarian Caste System – rigid social class system based on Hindu beliefs Four “castes” - priests &
teachers, nobles & warriors,
merchant class, servant class Practice Yoga Guru – spiritual teacher Holy Cow! Hindus have
always had great respect for Mother Nature and its creatures Cow is especially significant because it symbolizes gentleness Hinduis Holy Book – Vedas m Written in Sanskrit Place of Worship – Temple Sects/ Branches – many different branches Holidays & Holy Holidays: Days Diwali
Festival of Lights Holi Festival of
Colors Sacred Places
Varanasi Ganges River What is Neither monotheistic or Buddhism? polytheistic Followers are called Buddhists Today is primarily found in East and Southeast Asia (China, Japan, Koreas, SE Asia Origins of Buddhism • Began in northern India • Founded by Hindu prince • Siddhartha Gautama • Called “Buddha” – the enlightened one • Began almost 2,500 years ago Beliefs of Buddhism Buddha is NOT considered a god Reincarnation Karma Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Nirvana Buddhi sm Siddhartha Gautama was an Indian
Prince who lived in luxury and comfort
inside the palace. One day he left the palace gardens and saw an Old man, a sick man, and a dead man. Left his home and went on a search to find the reason people suffer and how to end it. Meditated under a bodh tree. Buddha realized: Life is full of suffering. He became the Enlightened Buddhism He explained the FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS:
1. All life is full of suffering,
pain, and sorrow. 2. The cause of suffering is desire for things such as riches, power and long life. 3. The only cure for suffering is to overcome desire. 4. The way to overcome desire is to follow the 8-fold path. Cure for sufferin The only cure for suffering is to follow the Eightfold Path, a middle road between a glife devoted to pleasure and a life of harsh self-denial.
It is important to live a moral life.
Enlightenment is achieved through
meditation.
The ultimate goal is nirvana, union with
the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth. Buddhi Sacred Writings – sm No one holy book Collection of Buddha‟s sayings in Tripitaka Place of Worship – Temple (stupa) Sects/Branches – What is Monotheistic Sikhism? Name of Supreme Being: God Followers are called Sikhs Today is primarily found in Northwestern India (Punjab region), tate United s Kingdom, Canada, Punjab region of India United S Origins of • BeganSikhism in northern India in the Punjab • Founded by a guru named: • Guru Nanak • Spread by nine later gurus • Began and spread in the Beliefs of Sikhism Believe in one god called God All human beings are equal Meditation Sikhs are to live honestly and work hard Share with Sikhism - Sikhs practice their faith by Practices wearing the 5 articles of faith or 5 K‟s: Sikhism - Joining the Khalsa: Practices This is a committed group of Sikhs Members of the Khalsa wear the Five K‟s There is a special ceremony for those that choose to join the Khalsa Sikhis Sacred mWritings – Guru Granth Sahib Collection of
teachings by Guru Nanak and other Gurus along with Sikh, Hindu and Muslim saints Place of Worship – Sikhis m Major
Holidays/Holy Days Vaisakhi – Celebrates the founding of Sikhism and the Khalsa
Diwali – Celebrates a guru‟s release from prison
