GLOBAL WARMING

Presented By: Anshika Rana

Roll no: 240203010008

Have you experienced any
phenomenal changes around
you in the last 10 years??
 Some of these changes are:

● Rising Temperatures
● Sea level rise
● More Intense precipitation
● Melting ice
● Increased drought
● More health risks
● Loss of species

There are many more changes that we feel around us .Have you
ever wondered why is this happening?
There are many factors which are responsible for this, but
GLOBAL WARMING is the major cause.
Let us discuss how?
Topics we are going to
discuss are:
● What is Global Warming?
● Who is responsible for global warming?
● Causes of global warming.
● Effects of global waming .
● Statistical data
● Preventive measures
● Conclusion.
● What is GLOBAL WARMING?
Global Warming refers to an increase in the average
temperature of the earth’s atmosphere predicted to occur
due to the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in
atmosphere which is widely attributed to an increase in the
green house effect resulting from pollution and other
human activities.
● How global warming is caused?
● The warming of earth’s surface and troposphere is known as
green house effect and the gases that have the ability to
absorb reflected long wavelength radiations and produce
this effect are called green house gases.
● The amount of heat absorbed by the troposphere depends
mostly on the concentration of green house gases and time
for which radiations stay in the atmosphere.
● The average global temperature is 15 degree celsius. In The
absence of these gases, the temperature would have been -
18 degree celsius.Thus, green house effect contributed a
temp. rise of 33 degree celsius.
● Heat absorbed by the greenhouse gases keeps the earth
warm enough for survival.
● Thus, we get to know green house gases are important but
their increased concentration leads to GLOBAL WARMING
 ● Some examples of green house gases are:

GREEN HOUSE GAS MAIN SOURCE

Carbon dioxide Fossil fuel combustion, deforestation,

cement production

Methane Fossil fuel production, agriculture, landfills

Nitrous Oxide Fertilizers, fuel combustion

CFCs Refrigerants

Sulphur Hexaflouride Electricity transmission

Freon-11 Industrial refrigeration, aerosol propellent,

manufacturing of foams

Nitrogen Triflouride Semiconductor manufacturing

Freon-113 Large air conditioning systems

● Causes of global warming:

Global Warming is caused by natural as well as man made

activities also.

Rather, it is extremely likely (> 95%) that human activities have

been the dominant cause of that warming.

● Natural causes of global warming are
discussed below:
1. Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic eruptions discharge
carbon dioxide, but they may also emit
aerosols, such as volcanic ash or dust, and
sulfur dioxide.
2. Variation in solar activity:

Changes in the sun’s energy output can affect the intensity

of the sunlight that reaches the earth’s surface. While these
changes can influence the earth’s climate, solar variations
have played little role in the climate changes observed in
recent decades.

3.Changes in the Earth’s Orbit and Rotation

Changes in the earth’s orbit and its axis of rotation have
had a big impact on climate in the past. For example, the
amount of summer sunshine on the Northern Hemisphere,
which is affected by changes in the planet’s orbit, appears
to be the primary cause of past cycles of ice ages.
● Man made causes:
The concen. Of green house gases increasing which leads to
more global warming due to following reasons:

1. Fossil Fuel Burning

Burning of coal, petroleum products, woods etc. releases
much higher concentration of carbon dioxide into
atmosphere. Other sources of emission of carbon dioxide
are as following:
● Automobiles
● Thermal Power Plants
● Various Industrial units
● Aircrafts
Automobile emission Burning of fossil fuels

Thermal powerplant emissions

2. Deforestation
As the plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release
oxygen so by cutting across forests, lesser plants/trees are
available to absorb carbon dioxide
3. Energy generation:
As of 2021, nearly 60 percent of the electricity used in the
world comes from the burning of coal, natural gas, and other
fossil fuels. Because of the electricity sector historical
investment in these dirty energy sources, it accounts for
roughly a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions, including
carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

4. Industries:
Most industrial emissions come from the production
of a small set of carbon-intensive products, including
basic chemicals, iron and steel, cement and concrete,
aluminum, glass, and paper.
5. Agriculture:
This sector is especially notorious for giving off
large amounts of nitrous oxide and methane,
powerful gases that are highly effective at
trapping heat. The widespread adoption of
chemical fertilizers, combined with certain crop-
management practices that prioritize high yields
over soil health, means that agriculture accounts
for nearly three-quarters of the nitrous oxide found
in our atmosphere.
6. Oil and gas development:
Oil and gas lead to emissions at every stage of
their production and consumption—not only when
they’re burned as fuel, but just as soon as we drill
a hole in the ground to begin extracting them.
Fossil fuel development is a major source of
methane, which invariably leaks from
oil and gas operations: drilling, fracking,
transporting, and refining.
● Effects of global warming:

1. Melting of ice
2. Rising sea levels
3. Intense heat waves
4. Disruption of habitat of wild species
5. Allergies, asthma and other diseases
6. Flooding
7. Drought
8. Effect on agriculture
9. Alteration in hydrological cycle
● Statistical data

This graph shows the change in global surface temperature

compared to the long-term average
● Who is responsible for global warming?

We know that climate change is caused by human activities, but

pinning down exactly who is responsible is trickiear than it
seem.Many groups have been accused of being at blame for this
ongoing lack of action, from fossil fuel companies and wealthy
countries to politicians, rich people and sometimes even all of us.
But it is not so that we need to blame others, we all have to get
together and solve the problem rather than putting anyone down.
● Case Studies:
A. Damage to coral reefs of Pacific ocean due to EL Nino:
The meaning of El-Nino is the infant on the christ child. It is
a climatic phenomenon that begins around christmas and
generally effects the western coast of SA. under normal
conditions , the water of eastern pacific ocean is cold as
much as 10 degree celsius cooler than water of western
pacific ocean. But once in every five years from dec to
march, the water of eastern pacific warm up by 4 to 6
degree celsius which disturbs the nutrients rich cold water.
This phenomenon is called EL-Nino.
This periodic warming due to EL-Nino in 1997, lead to the
most serious death of coral ever known. It is estimated that
about 10% coral reefs were dead, 30% were seriously
affected and another 30% were degraded. It has been
predicted that all the reef could be dead by 2050 due to EL-
Nino.
● Butterfly population in UK:

Global Warming is leading to early arrival of butterflies in Britain. Scientists say

that butterflies can now be spotted much earlier every year in the last two
decades. Some like the Red Admiral, can now be seen a month earlier in the last
two decades. Future Rise in temperature is likely to have a detrimental effect on
these butterflies.Some butterflies which need lower temperatures might suffer.
● Government Initiatives to stop the global
warming:

1. International Solar Alliance (ISA):

● It is a solar power development project in
collaboration with France which is launched in
Rajasthan in 2015.
● ISA is an alliance of the “sunshine countries” to utilise
solar energy efficiently. The alliance was formed with
solar energy-rich countries to reduce the dependency
on non-renewable sources of energy like fossil fuels.
2. One Sun, One World, One Grid Project (OSOWOG):

● This project was first proposed by honourable Prime

Minister Sh. Narender Modi during the first assembly
of ISA in 2018.
● This project aims to provide energy to about 140
countries by common grid that transfers power.

3. COP26 Glasgow Summit:

● India will achieve a target of net zero emissions by the
year 2070.
● By 2030, India will meet 50% of its energy
requirements from renewable sources.
● India will decrease the total projected carbon
emissions by one billion tonnes by 2030.
● India will take its non-fossil energy capacity to 500 GW
by the end of 2030
● How can we stop global warming at our
end?
“Healing the planet starts in your garage, in your
kitchen, and at your dining table”.
Rising sea levels, searching heats, ferocious fires severe droughts,
punishing floods. The effects of global warming are already
threatening our health, our communities, our economy, our
children’s future.
WHAT CAN WE DO?

“Change only happens when individuals take actions”,

says clean energy advocate Aliya Haq.

Here are few easy, effective ways each one of us can make a
difference:
1. Speak up
2. Power your home with renewable energy.
3. Invest in energy efficient appliances.
4. Reduce water waste
5. Drive a fuel efficient vehicle.
6. Reduce, reuse and recycle.
7. Plant more trees.
8. Sustainable agriculture.
9. Changing our lifestyle choices.
THANKYOU :)