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Knowing Computer

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21 views17 pages

Knowing Computer

Uploaded by

ldw11490
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Knowing Computer

Basics of a computer system


Computer is the most important device in
the today's scenario.
A computer is an electronic device that
What is
accepts data from the user, processes it,
produces results, displays them to the users,
Computer
and stores the results for future usage. ?​
• For Personal Use
• For Education
• For Games
• For Entertainment
• For Communication
Basic • For Scientific Research
applications of • In Banks
Computer • For Engineering Purposes
• For Medicines Related
• For Book Publishing
• For Accounting Purposes
Components of computer system
Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is called "the brain of computer" as


it controls operation of all parts of computer.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features −


• CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.
• CPU performs all types of data processing operations.
• It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).
• It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

CPU itself has following components.


• ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
• Control Unit
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a key component of a computer’s central processor


unit. The ALU performs all arithmetic and logic operations that must be performed
on instruction words.

• Control Unit (CU)

The control unit’s job is to instruct the computer’s arithmetic/logic unit, memory,
and input and output devices on how to respond to the instructions supplied to the
processor.
Memory

A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and


instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the computer,
where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing
are stored.
Memory is primarily of three types −
• Cache Memory
• Primary Memory/Main Memory
• Secondary Memory

• Cache Memory
Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the
CPU. It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold
those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU.
Memory

• Primary Memory (Main Memory)


Primary memory holds only those data and instructions on which the computer is
currently working. It has a limited capacity and data is lost when power is switched
off. The data and instruction required to be processed resides in the main memory. It
is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM.

o RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is the internal memory of the CPU
for storing data, program, and program result. It is a read/write memory which
stores data until the machine is working. As soon as the machine is switched off,
data is erased.

o ROM stands for Read Only Memory. The memory from which we can only read
but cannot write on it. This type of memory is non-volatile. The information is
stored permanently in such memories during manufacture. A ROM stores such
instructions that are required to start a computer. ROM chips are not only used in
the computer but also in other electronic items like washing machine and
Memory

• Secondary Memory
This type of memory is also known as external memory or non-volatile. It is slower
than the main memory. These are used for storing data/information permanently.
CPU directly does not access these memories, instead they are accessed via input-
output routines. The contents of secondary memories are first transferred to the
main memory, and then the CPU can access it. For example, disk, CD-ROM, DVD,
etc.
•Keyboard
•Mouse
•Joy Stick
•Track Ball
•Scanner
Input Devices •Microphone
•Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
•Optical Character Reader(OCR)
•Bar Code Reader
•Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
•Monitors
•Graphic Plotter
Output Devices •Printer
•Speakers
•Projector
A Computer system is divided into two
categories: Hardware and Software.
Hardware refers to the physical and visible
components of the system such as monitor,
CPU, keyboard and mouse.
Hardware
Software, on the other hand, refers to a set
of instructions which enable the hardware to and
a perform a specific set of tasks.
The software must be installed in the Software
hardware to function properly and similarly,
the hardware must be present for the tasks
to be performed. Both are interdependent,
yet they are also different from each other.
•Input Devices
•Output Devices
Hardware •Secondary Storage Devices
•Internal Components
•Application Software
Software •System Software
Concept of Computing

Computing is the process of using computer technology to complete a given goal-


oriented task. Computing may encompass the design and development of
software and hardware systems for a broad range of purposes – often structuring,
processing and managing any kind of information – to aid in the pursuit of
scientific studies, making intelligent systems, and creating and using different
media for entertainment and communication.

computing all boils down to one big fundamental question: What can be
successfully automated?
Data is a collection of unorganized facts &
figures and does not provide any further
information regarding patterns, context, etc.
Hence data means "unstructured facts and
figures".​
​
Data and
Informatio
Information is a structured data.
i.e. organized meaningful and processed
n
data. To process the data and convert
into information, a computer is used.
Congratulations.

Now you have some knowledge about computer system.


From next class you will gain more knowledge about
computer and how to operate a computer system.

Keep learning about Computer.

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