Linear Algebra

Credit Hours: 3
Course No. 009961
Class Hour: Monday – Wednesday (3:00 am – 4:30 pm)
Office Hours: Monday/Wednesday 8 - 2 PM
Office Hours: Friday 10 - 6 PM
Rank of Matrix
To find the rank of a matrix, we will transform the matrix into its
echelon form.
Then, determine the rank by the number of non-zero rows.
Consider the following matrix.

[ ]
320 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴= 0 0 4 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 −1 0 Zero/Non-zero rows

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
Rank of Matrix
To find the rank of a matrix, we will transform the matrix into its
echelon form.

[ ]
Then, determine the rank by the number of non-zero rows.
¿
Consider the following matrix. 𝐴= ¿
3×3
¿ 3×4

4 𝐴= [ ¿ ¿ ¿ ] 4 ×3
Rank of Matrix – Example 1
To find the rank of a matrix.
Convert it into upper triangular matrix.
Zero/Non-zero rows

[ ]
13 5 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴= 0 − 7 − 6 Zero/Non-zero rows

0 0 0 𝑹 𝟑=𝑹𝟑 +𝟐 𝑹 𝟐

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
Rank of Matrix – Example 2

[ ]
31−4 𝑹 𝟑+𝟐 𝑹 𝟐

𝟑 𝑹𝟑 − 𝑹 𝟏
𝐴= 021
=2

00 0
Rank of Matrix – Example 3
To find the rank of a matrix.

[ ]
Zero/Non-zero rows
1 2 3 4 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 −3 −2 −3 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴=
0 0 0 0 Zero/Non-zero rows

0 0 0 0

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
Rank of Matrix – Example 4
To find the rank of a matrix.

[ ]
Zero/Non-zero rows
2 −3 7 5 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴= 0 11 −27 − 41 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 0 0 99 𝑹 𝟑=𝑹𝟑 −𝟐 𝑹𝟐

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
Rank of Matrix – Example 5
To find the rank of a matrix.

[ ]
Zero/Non-zero rows
5 3 7 4 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴= 0 121 − 11 33 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 0 0 0 𝑹 𝟑=𝟏𝟏 𝑹𝟑 + 𝑹𝟐

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
Rank of Matrix – Example 6

[ ]
1 1 −2 0
To find the rank of a matrix. 0 −1 3 1
𝐴=
0 −2 6 2
0 1 −3 −1

[ ]
Zero/Non-zero rows
1 1 −2 0 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 −1 3 1 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴=
0 0 0 0 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 0 0 0

𝑹 𝟏 ↔ 𝑹𝟒
R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
Rank of Matrix – Example 7
To find the rank of a matrix.

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?

Zero/Non-zero rows
Zero/Non-zero rows
Zero/Non-zero rows
 Rank of Matrix – Example 8
To find the rank of a matrix.

[ ]
1 1 1 6
0 −2 1 −1
𝐴=
0 0 −3 − 9
0 0 −1 −3

[ ]
Zero/Non-zero rows
1 1 1 6 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 −2 1 −1 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴=
0 0 −3 − 9 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 0 0 0 𝑹 =𝟑 𝑹 − 𝑹
𝟒 𝟒 𝟑

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
 Rank of Matrix – Example 9
To find the rank of a matrix.

[ ]
Zero/Non-zero rows
2 6 0 − 11 Zero/Non-zero rows
𝐴= 0 2 − 6 30 Zero/Non-zero rows
0 0 0 − 91 𝑹 𝟑=𝑹𝟑 −𝟑 𝑹𝟐

R(A)= ? Or ρ(A)= ?
𝑹 𝟐=𝑹𝟐 −𝟑 𝑹𝟏
Rank of Matrix – Example 10
Using the concept of rank, determine the value of λ so that the
following equations have a non-zero solution.

The given equations have

non-zero solution, which is
possible only when

2(λ −9)−1(λ −12)+2(3−4)=0

2λ-18-λ+12+6−8=0
λ−8=0
A X B λ=8
Coefficient Unknown Constant
matrix matrix matrix
For , the system has a non-zero solution.