CARRIER / VEGETABLE OILS

Extracted from nuts and seeds by 2

methods:
 Cold pressing – costly and executed on
small scale, but is still the preferred
method of extraction for carrier oils!
 Hot extraction – a more complicated
process, yet less expensive with a much
larger industry d.t. greater demand.
(quality of oil is influenced though)
 COLD PRESSING
Nuts / seeds are placed in horizontal press with
an enormous “screw”.
As the screw turns, the oil is squeezed out, and
drips into a trough below.
The first oil to be collected is called “virgin” oil
Natural heat is generated as pressure increases,
but it should not reach 70-80˚C, as this will forfeit
the oil being “cold pressed”.
After pressing, oil is filtered in successive cotton
cloths, then through filter paper.
 GENERAL POINTS ON
CARRIER OILS
Comprised of much larger molecules, thus cannot
penetrate the skin as essential oils does

Beneficial effects on bodily health – contain

vitamins, minerals and fatty acids
Internally – improvement of dry skin and eczema

Stability – depends on fatty acid content and Vit E

content (oils with saturated fatty acids & Vit E have a
longer shelf life)
Shelf life of Carrier oils – approx. 12 – 24 months
CARRIER CREAMS OR GELS

Formulated for compatibility with essential oils

Natural and allow penetration of EO into the skin
Used when oil is not preferred
Used in eye creams / gels, neck creams, masks
peels, day and night cream, slimming gels and
bath milks
 ALMOND CARRIER OIL
Prunus Amygdalus – Rose Family
Extracted from kernels PROPERTIES
of Sweet Almond tree Protects & nourishes
Pale yellow chapped and irritated
Shelf life – 2 years skins
Dilution 50-100% Vitamin E & D
Natural sunscreen
CAUTIONS Alleviates dry, itchy
skin
Allergic type skins
(nuts) Relieves soreness and
inflammation
Diabetics
Reduces cholesterol
Alleviates dandruff
 ALOE VERA
Aloe Barbadensis – Liliaceae family
Maceration of the Aloe PROPERTIES
leaf in Soybean oil Skin Rejuvenation
Shelf life – 1 year (wound healing,
Dilution – 50-100% reduces scarring)
Sunburn
Relieves arthritic pain
and itching
Improved blood
circulation
Anti-inflammatory
properties
Naturally hypo-
allergenic
 APRICOT CARRIER OIL
Prunus Armeniaca – Rose family
Extracted from the PROPERTIES
Seed kernel of the High in Vit A, E and F
fruit
Calms skin irritation
Shelf life – 2 years
Alleviates dryness
Dilution – 100% (facial associated with
blend only) Psoriasis
Slightly yellow, Alleviates dry, itchy
colourless when fresh and inflamed skin
Odourless Excellent choice for
Facial Massages
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION Easily absorbed by the
All skin types skin
Dehydrated, Mature and
Sensitive
 AVOCADO CARRIER OIL
Persea Americana - Laurel family
Cold pressed from the PROPERTIES
flesh
Rich in Essential fatty
Shelf life - one year
acids, Beta-carotene
Dilution – 10-20% (max)
and Lecithin
Light green colour d.t.
chlorophyll content (may High contents of Vit A,
turned cloudy in winter) E, B and D
Good for nappy rash,
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION eczema and dry scalp
Dry, Dehydrated, Mature
and Ageing skins
Protects against UVB
rays
Climate or sun damaged,
and parched skin Improves visual
appearance of skin
 ARNICA CARRIER OIL
Arnica Montana
 Macerated oil from Wolf’s PROPERTIES
Bane – a herb found in the Treats injured skin that isn’t
Northern hemisphere broken:
 Shelf life – 2 years  Tendons
 Dilution – 5-10% (max)
 CAUTION: broken skin, leg
 Contusions
ulcers, may cause blisters,  Haemorrhages
eczema or peeling  Swelling
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION:
 Bone fractures
 Bruises and Scars  Can be used as a
 Muscular aches, sprains compress – great
and pains healing properties
BORAGE SEED CARRIER OIL
Starflower Oil / Borago Officinalis
 Pressed from Seeds  Health benefits d.t. High
 Shelf life – 1 to 2 years content of Gamma-
(should be refrigerated) Linolenic Acid (GLA)
 Dilution – 10-20%
 100% on Eczema and
psoriasis
 Pale yellow to colourless oil
 Very expensive oil

SKIN TYPE / CONDITION:

 Emollient properties
 Nourishing, regenerating,
stimulating
 Reinforces skin as
protecting membrane
 Specific Health Benefits
Borage Seed Oil
CARDIOVASCULAR: IMMUNE STYSTEM:
1. Lowers blood pressure in 1. Suppresses Inflammation

Hypertensive patients
2. Alleviates symptoms of MUSCUSKELETAL SYSTEM:
Raynaud’s Disease (up to 1. Alleviates Rheumatoid
6000mg/day) Arthritis
Vasospastic disorder causing discoloration
of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other
SEXUAL SYSTEM:
extremities
1. Alleviates PMS

SKIN:
1. Alleviates Eczema (atopic)
2. Alleviates Seborrheic
Dermatitis
 CALENDULA CARRIER OIL
Calendula Officinalis
 Macerated oil with a shelf PROPERTIES:
life of two years  Anti-inflammatory,
 100% Dilution microbial, anti-septic and
regenerating
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION  Stubborn wounds, ulcers
 Facial massages – mature,  Bed sores, bruises,
dry, chapped chilblains
 Found in ointments,  Rheumatic joints
creams and lotions  Venous complaints –
 Rashes – nappy rash, varicose veins, venous
cracked sore nipples congestion, spider veins
 Soothing – sore, inflamed etc.
and itch skins (e.g.
eczema)
 CANOLA CARRIER OIL
Brassica Napus
 Cold pressed from Canbra  Normal, Dry and
seeds, also known as Rape Combination skin types
seed oil (LEAR) BUT is more suitable for
 Shelf life – 2 years Body blends
 Dilution – 10% in body  Used as a lubricant
blends  Light odourless oil with fine
texture
 CARROT CARRIER OIL
Daucus Carota Sativa
 Shelf life – 6 to 9 months PROPERTIES
 Dilution no more than 1-  High content of Beta
5% (stains skin) carotene
 Orange colour  Good for Psoriasis, Eczema
and Itching
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION  Free radical scavenger
 Congested skins  Reduces scarring
 Premature ageing  Used in Sunscreen
 Dry, ageing skin formulae – Vit A content
 Sun damaged skin
 Anti-inflammatory, reduces
scarring, useful for burns
 Restores tone and  Contains Vitamins B, C, D
Elasticity (reduces
wrinkling) and E
 EVENING PRIMROSE OIL
Onagraceae Family – Oenothera
Biennis
 Captured from minutes PROPERTIES
seeds of bright yellow  Contains vitamins,
flowers that only bloom at minerals and essential
night fatty acids
 Shelf life – 1 year  Used as Nutritional
(refrigerate) supplement to help
 Dilution – Eczema / specific and serious
Allergies – 5-10% conditions
 Very expensive oil  Excellent moisturiser
 Dry Dehydrated skins  Reduces hyperactivity in
 CAUTION: Clients on HRT Babies
and Contraception  Benefits d.t. GLA content
 Pale yellow, odourless oil
 EVENING PRIMROSE OIL
CONTINUES . . .
Beneficial for:
 CARDIOVASCULAR
 DIGESTIVE
 EYES / VISION
 METABOLISM
 MUSCULOSKETELAL
 NERVOUS
 RESPIRATORY
 SEXUAL
 SKIN
 GRAPESEED CARRIER OIL
Vitaceae Family – Vitis Vinifera
 Extracted from seeds of PROPERTIES
Grapes, by-product of the  Toning and Cleansing
wine industry (water dispersible – bath)
 Shelf life 6-12 months (if  Soothing, excellent
stored in cool dark place) emollient – leaves skin
 100% Dilution feeling soft (high
 Pale green, odourless oil absorption)
 Oily, Black skins – used in  Does not aggravate acne
Body blends  High in Vit E, natural anti-
 Cheaper, all-purpose oil oxidant
 Absorbs easily d.t. light  Slightly astringent, but
texture very regenerative to cell
 High mineral content, good membranes
lubrication  Useful on clients with nut
or wheat allergies
 HAZELNUT CARRIER OIL
 Pressed from tiny PROPERTIES
Hazelnuts  Penetrates skin easily
 Shelf life – 1 to 2 years  Slight astringent effect
 10-20% Dilution  Prevents moisture loss
 Yellow, amber or light  Rich in Vitamin E
brown colour  Moisturising and Nourishing
 CAUTION: Avoid in cases of  Valuable in facial, body and
allergies
spa massages
 Does not leave an oily
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION feeling behind
 Oily or dehydrated skins  Filters the rays of the sun –
 Black skins used in sun care products
 Smoker’s skin  NB – Acne prone skin
 Suitable for ALL skin types
 JOJOBA CARRIER OIL
Simmondsia Chinensis
 Exerted from the beans of PROPERTIES
an Evergreen desert plant  Excellent moisturiser,
in South America emollient
 Shelf life – 2 years  Gently unclogges pores
 Doesn’t deteriorate or and frees embedded grime
become rancid easily  High in Vitamin A and E
 10-20% Dilution  Scalp treatment – Regulate
 Yellow colour and remove sebum
 Unique oil as it isn’t
composed of fat, but of
liquid wax, highly
penetrative
 ALL SKIN TYPES – acne
prone, oily, mature,
inflamed, stretch marks
 MACADAMIA CARRIER OIL
Macadamia Integrifolia
 Derived from a nut of a  Excellent hair oil – dry
small evergreen tree scalp conditions
 Shelf life – 2 years  Reduces fine lines if used
 10-20% Dilution in facial massage
 CAUTION: Avoid in cases of
allergies
 Dry / Dehydrated skins
 Recommended for older,
ageing skins
 Nourishing and protects
the skin
 OLIVE CARRIER OIL
Olea Europaea
 Extracted from hard unripe HEALTH BENEFITS:
olives  Cardiovascular system
 Shelf life – 1 to 2 years  Cells
 5-10% Dilution  Digestive system
 Thick, heavy green oil  Immune system
 Dehydrated, sore or  Metabolism
inflamed skin  Musculoskeletal system
 Stretch marks, reduces  Nervous system
itchiness
 Female Reproductive
 Soothing
 Skin
 Natural sun filter
 ROSEHIP CARRIER OIL
Rosa Rubiginosa
 Obtained by Solvent TISSUE REGENERATION FOR:
extraction from the Extract  Burns, Facial wrinkles
of wild roses  Treatment of scars post
 Shelf life – 1 to 2 years surgery
 Facial – 50-100% dilution  Reduces redness, hyper
 Body – 10-15% dilution pigmentation
 Strong odour  Reduces formation of
keloid scar tissue
 Loosens up fibrous cards
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION
 Ideal for children
 All skin types
 Rich in Vitamin C
 Reduces wrinkles, signs of
premature ageing
 Counteracts Crow’s feet,
and drying effects of sun
damage
 SAFFLOWER OIL
Daisy (Compositae) family
 Extracted from seeds of PROPERTIES
the Safflower plant  Used in creams to soften
 2 years shelf life skin
(refrigerate)  Rich in Fatty acids & Vit E
 10-15% dilution  Alleviates symptoms of MS
 Pale yellow colour
 Unstable at high temp POTENTIALLY TOXIC EFFECTS
 Frying
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION  Colon cancer
 Dry, dehydrated, mature  Pregnancy
 Premature ageing
 Painful, inflamed joints
 Bruises
 SESAME CARRIER OIL
Sesamum Indicum
 Extracted from tiny seeds PROPERTIES
 One year shelf life  Rheumatism, Arthritis
 10-20% Dilution  Laxative
 CAUTION: Allergy to SS  Scalp massage – contains
 Dark yellow colour ingr active againts lice
 Stable, doesn’t turn rancid  Rich in Vitamins and
on contact with air – Minerals – natural
prolongs the life of other sunscreen
oils  Anti-oxidant
 NB – May cause allergic
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION contact dermatitis
 Acidic, dry or problem skin
 Psoriasis, Eczema,
Cortisone users
 SOYABEAN CARRIER OIL
Glycine Max
 Extracted from soya beans
by pressing
 Shelf life – 1 to 2 years
 100% Dilution
 Pale yellow, light textured
oil
 CAUTION: Bean allergies
 Rich in Lecithin
 All skin types especially
sensitive reactive skins
 Smoothing and Lubricating
oil
 Balances oil excretion
 SUNFLOWER CARRIER OIL
Compositae Family
 Cold pressed from Seeds  Contains Vitamin E
 2 year shelf life  Suitable for dry skins
 10-15% Dilution  Helpful for leg ulcers
 Pale yellow colour
 Must be UNREFINED
 Not a good massage oil on
its own, must be blended
 NOT the cooking oil!!!
 Nutty odour and fine
texture
 Inexpensive oil
 WHEATGERM CARRIER OIL
Triticum Vulgare – Grass family
 Pressed from the germ of PROPERTIES
the wheat  Relieves symptoms of
 Warm pressing or Solvent Dermatitis / Psoriasis
Extraction  Anti-oxidant, Nourishing
 1 year shelf life and Healing
 5-10% Dilution  Promotes formation of skin
 CAUTION: Avoid in grass cells and blood circulation
allergies / wheat  Combats heart disease –
intolerance removes cholesterol
 Yellow/Orange colour deposits in arteries
 Regenerates tissue and
SKIN TYPE / CONDITION promotes skin elasticity
 Mature skins
 Increases Stamina and
HDL’s
 Damaged / Scarred skin  Kills warts – applied topical
 Rich in Vitamin E
THE END