How to Cite:

Suman, K. G., Kumar, B., & Mukopadayay, S. (2022). Herbal hair oil: A
review. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S2), 13449–13465.
https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS2.8537

Herbal hair oil: A review

Kumar Gaurav Suman

Research Scholar, Dev Bhoomi Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Dehradun
(Uttarakhand), pin code-248007
Corresponding author email: gk776503@gmail.com

Mr. Bhupendra Kumar

Assistant professor, School of Pharmacy and Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand
University, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), pin code-248007

Dr. Sayantan Mukopadayay

Associate Dean, School of Pharmacy and Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand
University, Dehradun (Uttarakhand), pin code-248007

Abstract---Beauty and cosmetic concept is as ancient as mankind

and civilization. Cosmetics play a vital role in human life. Herbal
cosmetic is one of the most effective areas of cosmetic technology.
Herbal cosmetics are developed by the coalition of bioactive
ingredients and pharmaceutical products. Herbs are used for
beautification purpose of body, preparation of cosmetics, flavouring
and colouring agent. Hair plays a vital role in personality of human
and we use a lots of cosmetics product for the care of hair. The study
aims reviewing the importance of herbal oil and their use in the
common hair problem such as baldness, hair fall, hair dryness,
dandruff etc. Various beauty and cosmetic products are used which
contain herbs to give young and charming look. Various herbal
ingredients are used in herbal hair formulation; they provide essential
nutrients such as vitamins, antioxidant, etc. Herbal hair oil has been
widely used for nourishment of hair and for the protection of hair from
hair fall and hair damage. Now a day’s side effect is a major problem
after using any beauty product due to which herbal products are
preferred because of having less probability of any types of side
effects.

Keywords---herbal hair oil, dandruff, herbal, cosmetics, hair.

Introduction

Hair is one of the characteristics features of mammals and has various function
such as protection against external factors i.e. heat, cold, etc. Hair is one of the

International Journal of Health Sciences ISSN 2550-6978 E-ISSN 2550-696X © 2022.

Manuscript submitted: 09 March 2022, Manuscript revised: 18 April 2022, Accepted for publication: 27 May 2022
13449
13450

important parts of body considered to be protective appendages on the body and

accessory structure of the integument along with sebaceous gland and sweat
gland.[1] The basic part of hair is bulb, root and shaft.[2] Hair fall, dandruff, lice,
split end, grey hair are some of the well known problems related to hair.[3] A piece
of hair looks simple but it is one of the most complicated structures in body. Hair
is made up of two structures:-

Hair follicle

The hair follicle is where hair begins to grow and where it is held in place. It is a
stocking-like structure that starts in the epidermis. It extends to the dermis. The
follicle is lined by an inner and outer sheath that protects and molds the growing
hair and ends just before the opening of sebaceous gland.

Hair shaft

The hair shaft is the part of the hair that is made up of three layers of keratin.
Those layers are;-

i. The inner layer:- Also called as medulla. Depending on type of hair, the
medulla is not always present.
ii. The middle layer:- This is called the cortex which makes the majority of the
hair shaft.
iii. The outer layer:- Also called as cuticle, which is formed by tightly packed
scales in an overlapping structure that resemble roof shingles.

Structure of hair

Figure- 1 Structure of hair

Hair types

Hair type is primarily based on hair’s curl pattern. The amount of curl in the hair
is determined by hair follicle. Hair type is determined by genetics. Andre walker,
known for decades as Oprah winfreys stylist, is credited with devising a system
that classifies hair according to one of four curl pattern.
 13451

Type 1:- Straight

Type 2:- Wavy
Type 3:- Curly
Type 4:- Coily

Hair growth cycle

Hair growth cycle consists of 3 stages:-[4]

a) Anagen phase:- The anagen phase is the growth phase of the hair. The
anagen phase will last from between 2-6 years. A new hair pushes the new
hair that stopped growing up and out of the follicle.
b) Catagen phase:- The catagen phase is a transitional stage and 3% of all
hairs are in this phase at any given time. This phase lasts for 2-3 weeks.
c) Telogen phase:- The telogen phase is the resting phase which lasts for about
2-3 months. During the telogen phase, the hair follicle is at rest and the
club hair is completely formed.

Hair Oil

Hair oil are hair care products. Hair care products are defined as the formulations
which are used for the purpose of cleansing, modifying the hair texture, providing
nourishment to the hair and maintaining the healthy appearance of hair.[5] Hair
oil are hair care formulation applied to the hair for the treatment of hair disorder
such as baldness, greying of hair, hair fall, dry hair and also helps in providing
nourishment to hair.[6] Herbal cosmetics are high in demand due to increasing
interest of mankind towards them also herbal cosmetics are more effective with
negligible side effects and ingredients are easily available.[7] Herbal hair oil is an
essential part of herbal cosmetics. Herbal hair oil is more preferred and used in
many aliments of hair.[8] They not only promote hair growth but also provide
necessary moisture to the scalp rendering in beautiful hair.[8] Herbal oil which
contain herbal drugs are known as hair tonic.[9] Herbal hair oil provides a
number of essential nutrient which are important to maintain the normal
function of sebaceous gland and promote natural growth of hair.[10] These are
one of the most well recognized product for the treatment of hair.[11] The use of
hair oil is increasing everyday in line with the improvement in standard of living
of people To give natural flavours and colours to hair oil the herbal essences and
perfumes are added.

Different types of herbal hair oil available in market

i. Amla hair oil

ii. Coconut hair oil
iii. Bhringraj hair oil
iv. Jasmine hair oil
v. Brahmi hair oil
vi. Cantharidine hair oil
vii. Onion hair oil
 13452

Benefits

We live in polluted world which is not hair friendly. That is when herbal hair oil
comes into practice. Herbal oil is a blend of bhringraj, jatamansi\, amla, hibiscus,
rosemary, almond and other herbs.

Their benefits are as follow:

 It provides natural goodness to hair. Herbal oil contains vitamins and micro
nutrients which acts as a food for hair.
 Hair oil helps in preventing hair loss and fames frizzy hair. Hair ends needs
special care and herbal oil pampers them throughout their nourishment.
 Regular use of hair oil of hair oils cure problem of premature grey hair.
 Keeps the scalp hydrated.
 Improves hair growth.
 Prevents dandruff.
 Offers shine glow.
 Stress relief.

Different herbs used are as follows

S.NO BOTANICAL NAME COMMON FAMILY CHEMICAL

NAME CONSTITUENTS
1 Eclipta prostrate Bhringraj Asteraceae Alkaloids, flavanoids,
terpenoids
2 Phyllathus Emblica Amla Phyllanthaceae Ascorbic acid, Ellagic acid,
Gallic acid
3 Ocimum tenuiflorum Tulsi Lamiaceae Eugenol, Linalool,
Carvacrol.
4 Senegalia ruguta Shikakai Fabaceae Alkaloids, Tartaric acid,
Citric acid.
5 Rosa- sinensis Hibiscus Malvaceae Polyphenols, Anthocyanins
6 Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae Lauric acid, mristic acid,
caprylic acid
7 Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Nimbin, Salannin
8 Allium cepa Onion Amaryllidaceae Methanol, acetic acid
9 Aloe vera Alovera Aphodelaceae Chromone, anthraquinone
10 Asparagus racemosus Shatavari Asparagaceae Mucilage, alkaloids.
11 Bacopa monnieri Brahmi Plantaginaceae Bacosides
12 Chrysopogon Vetiver Poaceae Vetiverol, vetivone, benzoic
zizanioides acid
13 Lawsonia inermis Henna Lythraceae Lawsone, anthroquinones,
glycosides
14 Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquorice Fabaceae Glabridin, Enoxolone
15 Nardostachys jatamansi Jatamansi Caprifoliaceae Maaliol, seychellene
 13453

Plant Profile

Bhringraj

1. Botanical Eclipta prostrata

name
2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Asterales
4. Family Asteraceae
5. Genus Eclipta
6. Species E.prostrata

Figure:-2 Bhringraj

Eclipta alba is an annual multibranched herbaceous plant. The height of plants is

up to 30-50cm. It is found in tropical and subtropical region of the world such as
South America, Asia and Africa at an altitude upto 2000 m. In the region of India
it is mainly found in state of Bihar, Assam, Uttar Pradesh and Manipur.[12]

Role

 Prevents hair fall

 Promotes hair growth
 Makes hair lustrous
 Repairs hair damage
 Treats balndness.

Amla

1. Botanical Phyllanthus embica

name
2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Malpighiales
4. Family Phyllanthaceae
5. Genus Phyllanthus
6. Species P.emblicca
13454

Figure-3 Amla

Phyllanthus emblica is an important medicinal plant in Indian traditional system

of medicine.[13] The tree is of 1-8 meter in height. The leaves are simple and
intently set alongside branchlets. The flowers are of greenish yellow colour. The
fruit is nearly round in shape and having hard appearance.

Role

 Condition your scalp.

 Minimize greys
 Reduce dandruff
 Promote healthy hair growth.
 Strengthens the hair roots

Tulsi

1. Botanical Ocimum tenuiflorum

name
2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Lamiales
4. Famlily Lamiaceae
5. Genus Ocimum
6. Species O. tenuiflorum

Figure- 4 Tulsi
 13455

Tulsi is one of the most well recognized herb from the family Lamiaceae that is
indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and has been used inside Ayurvedic
medication over 3000 years. Holy Basil is an erect, many branched sub shrub 30-
60 cm tall having hairly stem. Leaves are of green or purple colour. The
plant of tulsi has many medicinal properties. Leaves of tulsi are a nerve tonic a
nerve tonic and also sharpen memory.[14]

Role

 Coagent remedy for hair loss

 Hair loss treatment
 Strengthening the hair roots
 Prevent bacterial and fungal infection.

Shikakai

1. Botanical name Senegalia rugata

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Fabales
4. Family Fabaceae
5. Genus Senegalia
6. Species S.rugata

Figure- 5 Shikakai

Shikakai is a woody climber, shrub upto 5 metres tall. Leaves are bipinnate.
Shikakai has a naturally mild pH that gently cleans the hair without
stripping it of natural oil. The regions having dry hot weather like South India is
best suited for these trees. The extract from the bark, leaves, of shikakai is used
as hair cleansing agent[15]. Shikakai is traditionally used in shampoo
preparations for the purpose of hair growth.[16]

Role:

 Makes hair soft and shiny

 Heals scalp and prevents the agony of the dry scalp
 Boosts hair growth
 Delaying greying of hair
 Works as natural hair cleaner
13456

Hibiscus

1. Botanical name Rosa-sinensis

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Malvales
4. Family Malavaceae
5. Genus Hibiscus

Figure-6 Hibiscus

The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, frequently with a toothed or lobed
margin. The flowers are large conspicuous, trumptet-shaped with five or more
petals. This plant is extensively cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical and
subtropical region.[17] This plant is commonly found throughout the tropics and
is found as a house plant throughout the world.[18]

Role:

 Stops hair loss

 Prevent premature graying
 Thicken hair and add volume
 Treat dandruff

Coconut oil

1. Botanical name Cocos nucifera

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Arecales
4. Family Arecaceae
5. Genus Cocos
6. Species C.nucifera
 13457

Figure-7 Coconut

Coconut oil is derived from milk of the coconut palm fruit. Coconut oil is used as
a meals oil, and is used in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent
production.

Role:

 Masks hair
 Moisturizes hair
 Seal hair
 Makes hair look shinier.

Neem

1. Botanical name Azadirachta indica

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Sapindales
4. Family Meliaceae
5. Genus Azadirachta
6. Species A.indica

Figure-8 Neem

Neem tree are found commonly in India, Africa and America. Due to having
medicinal properties, it has been used in ayurvedic medicine from 4000 years. It
is a fast growing tree and can reach a height upto 15-20 metres. The Sanskrit
name of neem is Arista. US National Academy of Science recognized the
importance of neem tree, published a report in 1992 entitled Neem- a tree for
solving global problems. Leaves, bark, and gum are the non woody product of
13458

neem tree and have various uses.[19] They have antifungal, antibacterial,
insecticidal and other biological activities.[20]

Role:

 Cure scalp problems

 Makes lustrous and healthy hair
 Promotes thicker, stronger hair growth
 Prevents premature greying
 Cooling and soothing effect

Onion

1. Botanical name Allium cepa

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Asparagales
4. Family Amaryllidaceae
5. Genus Allium
6. ISpecies A.cepa

Figure-9 Onion

The onion is also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that
is most widely cultivated species of genus Allium. The onion plant has been grown
and selectively bred in cultivation for at the least 7000 years. Modern varieties
grow to a height of 15-45 cm. The leaves are yellowish to bluish green. They are
hollow, cylindrical with one flattened side. Onion has been valued as a food and a
medicine plant since ancient times.[21]

Role:

 Treats dandruff
 Inhibits hair thinning
 Fights scalp infection
 Slows down premature greying
 Nourishes dry or brittle hair.
 13459

Aloe vera

1. Botanical name Aloe vera

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Asparagales
4. Genus Aloe
5. Species A.vera

Figure-10 Aloe vera

Aloe vera is a stemleess or very short stemmed plant growing to 60-100

centimeters tall. Leaves are thick and fleshy, grey to green. Aloevera is a species of
Aloe that is particularly known for its medicinal properties.[22] Aloe species are
distributed widely in the eastern European continents and are spread almost
throughout the world.[23]

Role:

 Strengthen and repair hair strands

 Deep cleans oily hair
 Calms an itchy sclap

Shatvari

1. Botanical name Asparagus racemosus

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Asparagales
4. Family Asparagales
5. Genus Asparagus
6. Species A.racemous

Figure-11 Shatvari
13460

Shatavari has small pin needle like photosynthetic branches that are uniform and
shiny green. Shatavari is considered both a general tonic and female reproductive
tonic.[24] The plant have a wide range of secondary metabolites inclusive of
steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, furan derivatives and essential oils.[25]

Role:

 Smoothe the scalp

 Promote hair growth
 Strengthens the roots of hair
 Maintain colour and luster

Brahmi

Botanical name Bacopa monnieri

Kingdom Plantae
Family Plantaginaceae
Order Lamiales
Genus Bacopa
Species B.monnieri

Figure-12 Brahmi

Brahmi is a non-aromatic herb. The leaves of brahmi plants are succulent oblong
and 4-6 mm thick.Leaves are oblanceolate and are organized oppositely at the
stem. The flowers of plant are small, actinmorphic and white with four to five
petals. It is found in warm wetlands and local of India and Australia and is also
found in United State and East Asia.

Role:

 Elimination of dandruff
 Cleanses scalp
 Gives soothing effect
 Reduction of hair loss
 Prevention of split ends

Vetiver

1. Botanical name Chrysopogon zizanioides

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Poales
 13461

4. Family Poaceae
5. Genus Chrysopogon
6. Species C.zizanioides

Figure-13 Vetiver

Vetiver grows to 150 centimetres high and forms clump as wide. The stems are
tall and leaves are long, thin and rather rigid.The root system is finely structured
and very strong. Its cultivation is basically scattered over small holdings in
Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The vetiver oil is having very
soothing and cooling impact, calms and pacifies all styles of inflammation.[26]

Roles:

 Flavouring agents
 Nervine tonic

Henna

1. Botanical name Lawsonia inermis

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Myrtales
4. Family Lythraceae
5. Genus Lawsonia
6. Species L.inermis

Figure-14 Henna

Henna is a tall shrub or small tree standing 1.8 to 7.6m tall height. It is multi
branched with spine –tipped branchlets. For over 9000 years it has been used for
cosmetics and medicinal purpose.[27] The leaves of henna are source of reddish
brown dye used for temporary body art and to dye fabrics.
13462

Roles:

 Antifungal and antimicrobial properties.

 Helps in maintaining the scalp health.
 Repair hair damage.
 Improving hair elasticity.
 Reduces premature greying of hair.

Liquorice

1. Botanical name Glycyrrhiza glabra

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Fabales
4. Family Fabaceae
5. Genus Ghycyrrhiza
6. Species G. glabra

Figure- 15 Liquorice

Licorice is a herbaceous preninal, height of 1 metre,with pinnate leaves about 7-

15cm long with 9-17 leaflets. The flowers are of purple to palr whitish blue
colour and are 8-12mm long. This species is native of Mediterranean areas, but
now is also present in India, Russia and in China. The extracts of this plant is
used in pharmaceutical and food industries and also in the manufacturing of
functional food and food supplements.[28]

Roles:

 Moisturizes the scalp.

 Helps with hair growth.
 Prevents premature baldness.
 Effective hair treatment.

Jatamansi

1. Botanical name Nardostachys jatamansi

2. Kingdom Plantae
3. Order Dipsacales
4. Family Caprifoliaceae
5. Genus Nardostachys
6. Species N.jatamansi
 13463

Figure-16 Jatamansi

Jatamansi is a flowering plant that grows in the eastern Himalayas,in the belt of
Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The height of plant is 10-50cm and has
pink, bell shaped flowers. Jatamansi is used as a good stimulant, antispasmodic,
tonic and laxative. [29] The rhizomes of jatamansi are used in traditional
medicines in different medicinal system.

Roles

 Promotes growth of hair.

 Beneficial for smooth, silky and healthy hair etc.

Conclusion

Overall, herbal oils that are formulated provide a lot of nutritious food. Hair
values such as vitamins, minerals, and essential oils. Finished products are
within the limits. In conclusion, oil useful to prevent hair from damage and loss
caused by pollution and dull hair. And provide alternative sources from
hazardous chemicals.

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