Power system
protection
• Need for protective schemes, Nature and Cause of Faults, Types of
Fault,Effects of Faults, Fault Statistics, Zones of Protection, Primary
and Backup Protection, Essential Qualities of Protection, Performance
of Protective Relaying, Classification of Protective Relays
• Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc
Interruption, restriking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current
Chopping, Interruption of Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit
Breakers, Air – Break Circuit Breakers, Oil Circuit Breakers, Air – Blast
Circuit Breakers, SF6 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum Circuit Breakers,
• Introduction, Electromechanical Relays, Static Relays – Merits and
Demerits of Static Relays, Numerical Relays, Comparison between
Electromechanical Relays and Numerical Relays.
• Overcurrent Protection, Distance Protection, Differential Protection,
Rotating Machines Protection, Protection against Overvoltage’s
• S. S. Rao, Switchgear and Protection, Khanna Publishers.
• .B. Ravindranath and M. Chander, Power system Protection and
Switchgear, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
• .B. Ram and D. N. Vishwakarma, Power System Protection and
Switchgear, Mc. Graw Hill
• Y. G. Paithankar and S R Bhide, Fundamentals of Power System
Protection, Prentice Hall of India
• Power System Relaying-Stanley H. Horowitz, Arun G. Phadke, Fourth
Edition,Wiley
