OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY
PRESENTED BY
ASHIKA ASOK
THIRD YEAR BSC
NURSING
INTRODUCTION
Occupational therapy can be described
as the art and science of challenging an
individual’s effort in specially selected
activities that have been designed to
restore and enhance his performance.
DEFINITION
Occupational therapy is defined as therapeutic
use of work, play activities ,self care to enhance
the development and to prevent disability.it might
also includes the task adaptation to obtain the
maximum level of independence and to improve
the quality of life.
-American Occupational Therapy
Association
AIMS
The overall aim is to enhance the level of
functioning and gain independence.it
helps in promoting the recovery of the
patients very soon.it increases the good
habits by involving in the work during
leisure time.
PRINCIPLES
Activities have to be selected for the patients
based on their interests, intelligence ,strength
and abilities
Positive reinforcement for the achievement of
small task is so vital.
Select the task which gives a new experience
to the patient and also it would be a useful to
perform daily activities.
CONt…..
Selection of activities for the shorter
duration might provoke the sense of
accomplishment and promote the self
confidence in patients.
Utilization of available resources is
important to plan and perform the
activities.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF PSYCHIATRIC
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
PATIENT
THERAPIST
PURPOSEFUL ACTIVITY
CONTEXT
INDICATIONS
Schizophrenia –paranoid and catatonic
Substance abuse
Mood disorders – Mania and depression
Anxiety disorders
Dementia
Antisocial personality disorders
Child psychiatric disorders
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ACTIVITES
FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Manic disorders
Activities are planned to get rid of excess
energy and promote emotional expression.
Depressive disorders
Simple tasks which are achievable.
Paranoid schizophrenia
Tasks which are non competitive and
meaningful which require concentration.
Catatonic schizophrenia
Simple concrete tasks that involve the
clients actively.
Anti-social personality disorder
Activities which are expressive and creative,
one that promotes self esteem.
Dementia
Group tasks that promotes the sense of
belongingness.
Childhood psychiatric disorders
Activities can be allotted according to the ability
of the children and also as per the interest of
the children.
Anxiety disorders
Simple task which has only few steps to perfom.
SETTINGS
Psychiatric hospitals
Nursing home
Special schools
Rehabilitation centers
Day care centers
De – addiction centers
Community mental health centers
Industrial health centers
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES ENCHANCING SKILLS
Craft works
Painting
Tailoring
Gardening
Candle making
Clay work
Activities enhancing fine motor skills
Drawing
Embroidery
Typing
Activities enhancing the cognition
Poetry
Newspaper reading
Puzzle solving
Activities involves the
communication or social skills
Drama
Recreational activities
Assertiveness training
CLASSIFICATION
Diversional
Remedial
SERVICES GIVEN IN
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
independent living skills or self care
Creative or expressive modalities
Sensorimotor including sensory-
integrative and neuromuscular treatment
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
PROCESS
SELECTING A MODEL
Adaptive performance model
Neurobehavioral model
Occupational behavioral model
ASSESSMENT
Initial assessment
Detailed assessment
The basic 5 methods can be used in the
assessment process
1. Specific observation
2. Interview
3. Standardized test
4. Self rating method
5. Projective test
TREATMENT
Occupational therapist needs to plan the
activities based on the client needs and
interest. Planned activities need to be
executed.
EVALUATION
Final treatment review takes place in the
evaluation. Patient prognosis and influence of
the occupational therapy activities in the
modification of the behavior need to be
ADVANTAGES
It guides the patient’s energy towards
the work
It improves the patient’s attention,
concentration and memory
It provokes patient’s interest
It promotes the seif- confidence and self-
esteem
It develops the positive attitude in
patient
It improves the decision making ability
in the client
It reduces the level of stress ,anxiety,
and depression
It improves the social skills and learning
capacity
NURSES RESPONSIBLITY
Nurses has to be aware of the specific
activities assigned to the patient.
Coordinate with the occupational therapy
department in regard with the treatment
process and follow-up.
Motivate the patient to complete the task
successfully.
Nurse has to assign the activities as per
the interests and needs of the patient by
coordinating with occupational therapist.
Monitor the prognosis of the patient and
treatment plan.
Ensure the patient safety for while the
patient involved in the industrial works or
using sharp objects.
Nurse has to coordinate with the social
worker in order to get employment
opportunities for the patient after
CONCLUSION
It is well clear that occupational therapy
plays an important role for treating and
rehabilitating mentally ill clients.
Occupational therapy can make a significant
difference in patient’s overall quality of life.
REFERENCES
Textbook of mental health and psychiatric
nursing, P Prakash
(page no: 170 – 173)
A guide to mental health and psychiatric
nursing, R Sreevani
(Page no:163 – 164)
Thank you
