and
Enginee
ring
Drawing
s
Basic Concepts of Engineering Drawing
M-07
1
Eng. AKALANKA WICKRAMATILAKE
MBA (Malaysia), BSc. Eng (UK), DIP. QS (SL), ADIP. PGMT (UK)
Project Manager, Consultant Civil - HSE / QA_QC Engineer
CQI / IRCA Certified Occupational Health and Safety Lead Auditor
District Commissioner -St John Ambulance Kalutara District
Trainer in First Aid
Medical First Responder - Trainer
Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) – and
Programme for Enhancement of Emergency Response (PEER)
0777776518, 0761408384
akalanka.wickramatilake.sl@gmail.com
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Learning Objectives
The student will be able to Prepare a simple drawing
related to interior decoration using the knowledge gained
on …….
• Basic Concepts of Engineering Drawing
• Drawing instruments
• Lettering / Lines / Dimensions / Scale
• Basic geometrical construction
• Projection (Isometric, Dimetric, Trimetric, 1st angle
and 3rd angle, Perspective)
• Geometrical forms
• Free hand sketches (indoor plants and interior)
• Computer and design software knowledge
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Learning Outcome
The Learner will be able to
• Construct geometrical figures
• Draw plans by First angle projection method
• Draw plans by third projection method
• Drawing 01-Site plan(provided by client) /
sketch
• Drawing 02-interior layout and other detailed
drawings
• Interpret drawings developed by CAD software
Delivered
• ConstructThrough
rough sketch by free hand
Illustrated talk Demonstrations Assignments
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Introduction
Drawing (Definition)
The way of conveying the ideas through the
systematic lines on the paper. The art of
representation of an object by systematic lines on
a paper.
There are two basic types of drawings
1. Artistic Drawing
2. Technical / Engineering Drawing
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Artistic Drawings
Artistic Drawings range in
scope from the simplest line
drawing to the most famous
paintings. Regardless of
their complexity,
Artistic drawings are used to
express the feelings, beliefs,
philosophies, and ideas of
the artist.
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Technical / Engineering
Drawing
A technical drawing is a
means of clearly and
concisely communicating
all of the information
necessary to transform an
idea or a concept into
reality.
Technical drawing often
contains more than just a
graphic representation of
its subject. It also contains
dimensions, notes and
specifications.
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Types of Technical / Engineering
Drawing
The theories behind projection have been widely used to
draft 3-dimensional objects on 2-dimensional media such as
papers and computer screens. The theory of projection is
based on two variables:
• line of sight.
• plane of projection: plane from which images can be
projected—depending on the axis.
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Pencil types
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Paper Sizes
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Drawing Equipment's
• Drawing Board • Scale (Metric)
• Drawing Sheet • French Curve
• Drawing Sheet Holder • Drawing Pencils – H,2H,
• Set-squares – 45° HB
• Set-squares – 30°-60° • Sand Paper / Amery Board
• Large size Compass • Eraser (Rubber)
• Small bow Compass • Drawing Pins and Clips
• Large size Divider • Cello Tape
• Small bow Divider • Duster or Handkerchief
• Scales – 6” and 12” • Drafting Machine / Mini
• Protractor Drafter
• Roller Scale 12
Lines
A Continuous wide line Visible edges and outlines
Dimension, extension and
B Continuous narrow line projection lines
Hatching lines for cross sections
Leader and reference lines
Outlines of revolved sections
Imaginary lines of intersection
Short centre lines
Diagonals indicating flat surfaces
Bending lines
Indication of repetitive features
C Continuous narrow irregular Limits of partial views or sections
line provided the line is not an axis 13
Lines
D Dashed narrow line Hidden outlines and edges
E Long dashed dotted Centre lines.
narrow line
Lines of symmetry
Pitch circle for gears
Pitch circle for hole
F Long dashed dotted wide Surfaces which have to meet
line special requirements
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G Long dashed dotted narrow Note BS EN ISO 128-24 shows a
line with wide line at ends and long dashed dotted wide line for
at changes to indicate cutting this application
planes
H Long dashed double dotted Preformed outlines
Narrow Line
Adjacent parts
Extreme positions of moveable
parts
Initial outlines prior to forming
Outline of finished parts
Projected tolerance zones
I Continuous straight narrow Limits of partial or interrupted
line with zig zags views; 15
Extremely light horizontal guidelines are
necessary to regulate the height of letters. In
addition, light vertical or inclined guidelines
Lettering are needed to keep the letters uniformly
vertical or inclined. Guidelines are absolutely
essential for good lettering and should be
regarded as a welcome aid, not as an
unnecessary requirement. 16
the space between lines of lettering
from ¾ th to the full height of the
CAPITAL letters. The vertical guidelines are not
used to space the letters (as this should
Lettering always be done by eye while lettering),
(Non-Inclined) but only to keep the letters uniformly
vertical, and they should accordingly be
drawn at random 17
A guideline for inclined capital letters is
Inclined somewhat different. The spacing of horizontal
guidelines is the same as for vertical capital
CAPITAL lettering. The American Standard recommends
Lettering a slope of approximately 68.20 with the
horizontal and may be established by drawing a
“sloped triangle”, and drawing the guidelines at
random with T-square and triangles. 18
Lower-case letters
Lower-case letters have four horizontal guidelines, called the
cap line, waistline, baseline and drop line. Strokes of letters
that extend up to the cap line are called ascenders, and
those that extend down to the drop line, are descenders.
Since there are only five letters (p, q.g, j, y) that have
descenders, the drop lines are little needed and are usually
omitted. In spacing guidelines, space “a” may vary from 3/5
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to 2/3 of space “b”.
Construction Drawing Standards
BS EN ISO 1457 Designation systems
Part 1 – Buildings and parts of buildings
Part 2 – Room names and numbers
Part 3 – Room identifiers
BS EN ISO 6284 Indication of Limit Deviations
BS EN ISO 8560 Representations of modular sizes, lines and
grids
BS EN ISO 9431 Spaces for drawing for text and title block on
the drawing
BS EN ISO 3766 Simplified representation of concrete
reinforcement
BS EN ISO 7518 Simplified representation of demolition and
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rebuilding
Dimensioning
Dimensioning in engineering
drawings is the graphic
representation of numerical
values, such as length, height,
breadth, diameter, radius, and
angle, used to define size
characteristics and provide
detailed shape descriptions.
Dimensioning can be created
for existing entities or points
within a drawing.
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Dimensioning Elements
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1.Dimension — the numerical value that defines the size,
shape, location, surface texture, or geometric characteristic of a
feature.
2.Basic dimension — a numerical value defining the
theoretically exact size, location, or orientation relative to a
coordinate system. Basic dimensions are enclosed in a
rectangular box & have no tolerance.
3.Reference dimension — a numerical value enclosed in
parentheses, provided for information only.
4.Dimension line — a thin, solid line that shows the extent and
direction of a dimension.
5.Arrows — symbols at the ends of dimension lines showing the
limits of the dimension, leaders, and cutting plane lines.
6.Extension line — a thin, solid line perpendicular to a
dimension line, indicating which feature is associated with the
dimension. 23
7.Visible gap — there should be a visible gap of 1 mm between
• Leader line — a thin, solid line with an arrow drawn
under an angle & indicating the feature with which a
dimension or note is associated.
• Limits of size — the largest acceptable size and the
minimum acceptable size of a feature.
• Plus, and minus dimension — the allowable positive
and negative variance from the specified dimension.
• Diameter symbol — a symbol indicating that the
dimension shows the diameter of a circle. The symbol
used is the Greek letter phi Ø.
• Radius symbol — a symbol indicating that the
dimension shows the radius of a circle. The radius
symbol used is the capital letter R.
• Tolerance — the amount that a particular dimension 24
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