Microproces
sors
Microprocessor
Also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a complete
computation engine that is fabricated in a single chip
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Microprocessor
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Inside the CPU
Primary Components Inside the CPU
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
Control Unit
Registers
Buses
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Inside the CPU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a fundamental component of the
Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer. Its primary role is to
perform arithmetic and logical operations on the data that the CPU
processes.
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Inside the CPU
Control Unit (CU) is responsible for directing the operation of the
CPU. It interprets instructions from the computer’s memory and
executes them by coordinating with the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
registers, and the system's buses.
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Inside the CPU
Functions of the Control Unit
Instruction Fetch
Instruction Decode
Instruction Execution
Control Signals
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Inside the CPU
Registers are responsible for directing the operation of the CPU. It
interprets instructions from the computer’s memory and executes
them by coordinating with the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), registers,
and the system's buses.
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Inside the CPU
Primary Registers within the
CPU
Instruction Register
Memory Address Register
Instruction Decoder
Memory Data Register
General Purpose Register
Program Counter
Data Registers
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Inside the CPU
Buses play a critical role in facilitating communication between
various components. They serve as pathways for data, addresses, and
control signals.
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Inside the CPU
Primary Buses within the CPU
Data Bus
Address Bus
Control Bus
System Bus
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Basic Operation of the CPU
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Microcontrol
lers
Microcontroller
A microcontroller (also MCU) is a functional computer system-
on-a-chip. It contains a processor core, memory, and programmable
input/output peripheral
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Significant Components of Microcontroller
Processor
ROM
RAM
I/O Interface
SPI
PIO
UART
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Basic Organization of a Microcontroller
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Significant Components of Microcontroller
Processor, in the context of a CPU, the processor is the
part that executes instructions from programs. It
performs computations, makes decisions, and processes
data according to the instructions provided by software.
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Significant Components of Microcontroller
Read Only Memory (ROM), is a type of non-volatile
memory used in computers and electronic devices. Unlike
volatile memory, which loses its data when power is lost,
ROM retains its data even when the power is turned off.
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Significant Components of Microcontroller
Random Access Memory (RAM), is a type of volatile
memory used in computers and electronic devices. Unlike
non-volatile memory, it loses its data when turned off.
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Activity No. 1
Using the given format create an Analysis on the
differences of Microcontrollers and
Microprocessors
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