SCIENCE 9

QUARTER 1 – MODULE 1:
RESPIRATORY
AND
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES:
1.Identify the key parts of the breathing system;
2.Describe the function of each part of the breathing system;
3.Explain how the lungs work;
4.Describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in
and out of the lungs;
5.Identify the components of the circulatory system;
6.Explain the different types of circulation;
7.Explain how blood is pumped by the heart; and,
8.Explain the mechanism of how the respiratory and circulatory
systems work together
PRE-TEST:
Use the figure below to answer questions 1 and 2.

1. What important process happens in the netlike

structure labeled A?
A. Nitrogen and oxygen are exchanged.
B. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged.
C. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide remain constant.
D. Carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse into the
blood.
2. What structure of the Respiratory System is labeled B
in the diagram?
A. Alveolus B. Bronchi C. Bronchiole D. Pharynx
3. Why is the lung considered as the primary organ of the respiratory system?
A. Because it is the largest organ of the system.
B. Because it has two parts: the right and left lungs.
C. Because it is located near the middle of the chest cavity.
D. Because it contains the alveoli that is responsible for gas exchange.
4. Which of the following statements about the human respiratory system is false?
E. The bronchioles branch into bronchi.
F. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs.
G. When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea.
H. Gas exchange between the lungs and blood takes place in the alveolus.
5. Which structure is responsible for the movement of the chest cavity during the
breathing process?
I. Bronchi and trachea
J. Larynx and pharynx
K. Nasal cavity and pharynx
L. Diaphragm and rib muscle
6. Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?
A. Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
B. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
C. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli.
D. Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

7. Which of the following statements about the circulatory system is false?

E. Blood in the aorta is oxygenated.
F. Blood in the pulmonary vein is oxygenated.
G.Blood in the pulmonary artery is oxygenated.
H.Blood in the inferior vena cava is deoxygenated.

8. Which is the main organ of circulation?

A. Blood B. Heart C. Capillary D. Blood vessels
9. How do arteries differ from veins?
A.Arteries carry blood.
B.Arteries are thin-walled and are used for gas exchange.
C.Arteries have thicker wall layers to accommodate the changes in
pressure from the heart.
D.Arteries have thinner wall layers and valves and move blood by the
action of skeletal muscle.

10. Which blood vessel carries blood from all parts of the body to
the heart?
A. Aorta B. Vena cava C. Pulmonary vein
D. Pulmonary artery
Review the previous lesson by remembering the key terms of respiratory system.
Task # 1: See My Name!
Direction: Guess the missing word by naming the pictures as clue.
Example:

-labo
Rest pie ratory cyst stem
Answer: Respiratory system
1. Answer:
Trachea

Truck Iya

2. Answer:
Bronchi

-Le -la
Bron Ky
3. Answer:
Oxygen

Ox Sea Gene

4. Answer:
Inhale

-B -W
In hale
5. Answer:
Exhale

-O -W
X hale
Answer:
6. Carbon
-per dioxide

Car bone die oxide

 Do you have any body
parts that constantly
move, even while sitting
still or asleep?
What are these?
Now, place one hand on the middle
of your chest to feel your
heartbeat. Then, your other hand
just below your ribs to feel the
movement of your lungs, ribs, and
diaphragm as you breathe.
 What do you know
about your heart and
lungs? How do they
work?
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Breathing is the process that delivers oxygen to where it
is needed in the body and removes carbon dioxide. All
animals need oxygen to live. Land animals get oxygen
from the air. We breathe in to allow oxygen to move into
our bloodstream and we breathe out to remove carbon
dioxide from our blood. The oxygen is carried in the
blood to all cells of the body. And did you know that the
air we breathe out has 100 times more carbon dioxide
than the oxygen we breathe in. And what organ is in-
charge when it comes to breathing?
LUNGS
Your lungs make up one of the largest organs in
your body, and they work in your respiratory system
to allow you to breathe. Air flows into your body
through the nose or mouth and enters a specific
pathway for air. These pathways carry air into our
lungs. Then these split off where they become
smaller and smaller. In the end, the pathways are
attached to small air sacs where the exchange of
oxygen from the air for carbon dioxide occurs.
PARTS
AND ITS
FUNCTIO
NS
 Nose and Mouth (Nasal Cavity)

The nose is what we normally use to inhale and

exhale. It has two holes called nostrils through
which air passes. The skin lining both nostrils is
embedded with tiny hairs called cilia, which act
like a filter to catch dust and other small
particles in the air we breathe. The mouth is
what we use to breathe when we need more
air than what can be taken in through the
nostrils, as when we pant or puff when we are
exhausted.
 Pharynx and Larynx
The pharynx is the opening just behind the nose
and mouth and is part of both the respiratory and
digestive systems. Both food and air pass through
the pharynx; it is lined with tissues called tonsils
which can partially obstruct the passage of either of
the two. Like when swallowing, respiration is
interrupted. The pharynx ends in the esophagus
and the larynx. The larynx is also known as the
"voice box" because it houses the vocal chords and
the different muscles used in producing sounds. The
epiglottis, a cartilage found at the top of the larynx,
aids in closing it tightly to prevent the passage of
food or liquids.
 Trachea and Bronchi
The trachea, also referred to as the
windpipe, is a tube through which
respiratory gas transport takes place. It is
lined with ciliated cells to push particles
out, and cartilage rings to guard it against
pressure when breathing. The end of the
trachea is split into two tubes called the
bronchi, which also have several thin-
walled branches called bronchioles. These
bronchioles lead to air sacs called alveoli,
where most of the gas exchange happens.
 Lungs
The lungs are the most essential
organ for respiration. They
consist of a cluster of
bronchioles and alveoli, blood
vessels, and elastic tissue. Their
main function is to transfer
oxygen into the bloodstream,
and to excrete carbon dioxide
into the air.
MECHANISM OF BREATHING
Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration)
are the processes by which the body takes in oxygen
and expels carbon dioxide during breathing. You
breathe with the help of the diaphragm and the
intercostal muscles between your ribs. The
diaphragm is shaped like a parachute and located
below your lungs. It divides the chest cavity from
the abdomen, while intercostal muscles are located
between your ribs.
BREATHING IN (INHALATION)
When you breathe in (inhale), your
diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves
downward. In this way, it could provide a
bigger space for your lungs to expand in
the chest cavity. Also, the intercostal
muscles help widen the area in the chest
cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage
both upward and outward when you
breathe. As your lungs expand, air enters
the nose and mouth, traveling towards
your windpipe and into your lungs.
Breathing out (Exhalation)

When you breathe out (exhale), your

diaphragm relaxes and moves
upward into the chest cavity. The
intercostal muscles also relax to
decrease the area in the chest cavity.
As the space in the chest cavity
reduced, carbon dioxide is pushed out
of your lungs and windpipe, and then
out of your nose or mouth.
WATCH THIS VIDEO
Key concepts to emphasize:
When you breathe in, or inhale, the diaphragm muscle contracts.
Inhaling moves the diaphragm down and expands the chest cavity.
Simultaneously, the ribs move up and increase the size of the chest
cavity. There is now more space and less air pressure inside the
lungs. Air pushes in from the outside where there is a higher air
pressure. It pushes into the lungs where there is a lower air pressure.
When you breathe out, or exhale, the diaphragm muscle relaxes.
The diaphragm and ribs return to their original place. The chest
cavity returns to its original size. There is now less space and greater
air pressure inside the lungs. It pushes the air outside where there is
lower air pressure.