如何在家中量度血壓
How to monitor blood pressure at home
How to monitor blood pressure at home
How to monitor blood pressure at home
如何選擇血壓計
一般電子血壓計可用於手臂或手腕上。手臂式血壓計比較準確和理想
建議不要使用手指式血壓計。
How to choose blood pressure monitors
The common digital monitors can be fitted on the upper arm or the wrist. Upper-arm devices are preferably used as they are more accurate.
Devices that measure blood pressure at the finger are not recommended.
血壓計袖帶有不同的尺寸，使用不稱身的袖帶會量出錯誤度數。袖帶過小可能會得出過高度數；袖帶過大則會出現過低度數。因此，應確保袖帶的尺寸適合你的手臂。袖帶的寬度應能覆蓋手臂長度的三分之二，而長度則應足夠完全圍繞手臂。大部分血壓計都附有中等尺寸的袖帶，適合大部分成年人使用，手
臂較粗者或肥胖人士可能需要尺寸較大的袖帶。
Cuffs of upper-arm devices come in different sizes. The wrong cuff size will give incorrect readings: using a cuff that is too small for the arm may lead to overestimation of blood pressure, and vice versa. Hence, make sure the cuff fits your arm. The cuff should be wide enough to cover two thirds of the upper arm, and its length should
be enough to encircle the whole arm. Most monitors come with medium-size cuffs that suit most adults. People with large arms or overweight people may need bigger cuffs.
選用經臨床驗證的血壓計。於操作血壓計前，必須仔細閱讀說明書，並按照指示行事。在家中量出的血壓度數跟診所量出的度數可能有出入。如有疑問，可攜同家用血壓計應診，好讓醫生協助檢查你的器材準確度。
Make sure the monitor you choose has been clinically validated for accuracy. Read the manual carefully and operate the device according to the manufacturer's instructions. It is not uncommon for blood pressure readings taken at home to be different from those taken at your doctor's clinic. If the blood pressure monitor is not too bulky, it is a good idea that you bring it along to your
medical appointment. Your doctor can help validate your monitor's accuracy.
如何量度出正確的度數
1.何時量度：
每天於差不多同一時間量度。
不可在身體不適、寒冷、焦慮、有壓力、疼痛或憋尿的狀況下量度。
How to get accurate readings
1.When to take blood pressure:
Measure blood pressure at around the same time each day.
Do not measure blood pressure when you feel unwell, cold, anxious, stressful, painful, or when you have a full bladder.
2. 量度血壓前：
在量度血壓前的 30 分鐘內，不要運動、吸煙、進食或飲用含咖
啡因的飲料（例如茶或咖啡）。
切記穿鬆身衣服。
選擇安靜舒適的位置，放鬆休息 5 分鐘，其間不要分心從事其他
活動（如看電視）。
2.Before taking blood pressure:
Stop exercising, smoking or consuming foods or drinks
containing caffeine (such as tea or coffee) at least 30 minutes
before taking blood pressure.
Remember to wear loose-fitting clothes.
Rest and relax for 5 minutes without distractions (e.g. watching
television).
3.手臂位置：
舒適地靠著椅背而坐。
捲起衣袖，露出手臂，再以袖帶包捲手臂。
確保手臂承托於和心臟同一水平的位置。
雙腳平放在地上，不要交叉雙腿。
3.Arm position:
Be seated comfortably with the back supported.
Pull up the sleeve to bare your upper arm, and wrap the cuff around it.
Make sure your arm is supported and your upper arm is at the same level as your heart.
Keep feet on the floor and do not cross legs.
4.量度血壓：
在量度血壓時，保持放鬆，不要說話。
在首次量度血壓後，將袖帶完全鬆開，重覆之前的步驟再量一次。兩次量度相隔最少 1分鐘。
取兩次量度得出度數的平均數。如兩者相差超過 5毫米水銀柱，應再量一次，然後再取平均數。
記錄所有度數，並持續監測血壓。
如有任何疑問，應請教醫生或護士。
4.Taking blood pressure:
Relax and do not talk while taking the readings.
After taking the first set of readings, release cuff pressure completely and repeat the above steps to obtain a second set of readings. The two sets of figures should be taken at least 1 minute apart.
Take the average value of at least two sets of readings. If the first two sets of readings differ by more than 5 mmHg, you should obtained additional readings before you work out the average.
Jot down all the readings to maintain a continuous monitoring.
Consult a doctor or a nurse if you have any concern.
血壓分類 收縮壓 舒張壓 建議
理想血壓 低於 120 低於 80 兩年內再次檢查 (75 歲以
上的人士， 每年檢查一次
正常血壓 120 至 129 80 至 84 每年檢查一次
正常高值血壓 130 至 139 85 至 89 六個月檢查一次
高血壓 140 或以上 90 或以上 盡快約見你的家庭 醫生聽
取建議
.
如何量度血糖值
The level of glucose in the blood can be measured by applying a drop of blood to a chemically treated, disposable 'test-strip', which is then inserted into an electronic blood glucose meter. The reaction between the test
strip and the blood is detected by the meter and displayed in units of mg/dL or mmol/L.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxIJeHWlhF4&ab_channel=MayoClinic
如何量度體溫
How to Use a Thermometer to Check for Fever
您可以在不同部位測量體溫：
口腔 （口溫）
耳朵 （耳溫）
肛門 （肛溫）
額頭 （額溫）
腋下 （腋溫）
Temperatures can be taken by mouth (oral), anus (rectal), forehead (temporal), armpit (axillary), inner ear (tympanic), or remotely (infrared).
肛溫和耳溫一般比口溫高 1°C ，而腋溫和額溫則比
口溫低 1°C 。多種測量體溫的方法，以肛溫最為接
近身體內部核心溫度，但由於測量時有一定風險，
建議照顧者採用其他測量體溫的方法。現在最常見
得額溫測量雖然會受環境溫度影響，但測量快速容
易。
甚麼時候要留心體溫？
成年人的正常體溫一般在36.5°C (97.8°F) 到 37.2°C (99°F)之間。當口溫持續在37.6°C (99.7°F)以上，肛溫或耳溫持續在38.1°C (100.6°F)以上，就為發燒；而當體溫低於35°C (95°F)，便會引發低溫症。因應不同性別、活動情況、進食的食物、飲用飲品、時間、月經週期等等因素，人的體溫也會有所不同。
一般而言，發燒是人體發炎反應的表現，代表身體可能在對抗病毒或病菌，例如持續低燒就提示我們身體可能出現毛病了。除此之外，藥物、嚴重創傷、和心臟病發、中風、中暑等等也能導致身體出現發燒反應。
1. Oral temperature: 98.6 degrees F
2. Rectal temperature: 99.1 to 99.6 degrees F (0.5 to 1.0
degrees higher than oral)
3. Forehead temperature: 97.6 to 98.1 degrees F (0.5 to
1.0 degrees lower than oral)
4. Ear temperature: 99.1 to 99.6 degrees F (0.5 to 1.0
degrees higher than oral)
5. Armpit (axillary) temperature: 97.6 to 98.1 degrees F
(0.5 to 1.0 degrees lower than oral)
6. Wrist temperature: 97.1 to 97.6 degrees (1 to 1.5
degrees lower than oral)5
血氧指數
SPO2
血氧飽和度是反映呼吸系統和循環系統運作的重要指標。若出現血液含氧量不足的情況，有可能是因為心臟或肺部出現問題。
正常血氧飽和度普遍在95% – 100%，95%以下為供氧不足。如果病人出現此情況，病人可能患上低血氧症 (hypoxemia)，即是病人體內細胞出現缺氧 (hypoxia) 的情況。患者會有頭痛、呼吸急促等徵狀，嚴重缺氧更可能導致心臟或腦部受損，甚至死亡。
