NECESSARY KNOWLEDGE
FOR DESIGN P.V
[Code] Knowledge for requirement of
design and fabrication code
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
[Design] Knowledge for design of vessel
[Fabrication] Knowledge for fabrication sequence
and procedure
[Test & Inspection]
Knowledge for test & inspection
[Code] Knowledge for requirement of design
and fabrication code
Major Code
① ASME/ BS/ JIS
② API/ JPI
③ UBC/ ASCE
[Code] Knowledge for requirement of design
and fabrication code
ASME (The American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section II– Materials
Part A – Ferrous Material Specification
Part B – Nonferrous Material Specification
Part C – Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metal
Part D – Properties
Section VIII– Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
Division 1
Division 2 – Alternative Rules
Division 3 – Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure
Vessels
Section IX– Welding, Brazing and Fusing Qualification
[Code] Knowledge for requirement of design
and fabrication code
Other ASME Standard
ASME B16.5 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged
Fittings (1/2 inch ~ 24 inch
ASME B16.47 – Large Diameter Steel
Flanges (26 inch ~ 60 inch)
ASME B16.20 – Gasket
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
(i) Environment
(ii) Availability
(iii) Fabrication
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
① Operating
temperature
(i) Environment
② Corrosion
(ii) Availability ③ Special service
(iii) Fabrication
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
(i) Environment ① Operating temperature
(a) Elevated temperature
- Low Alloy Steel (Cr-
Mo Steel)
(b) Low temperature
- Nickel Alloy Steel
- Stainless Steel
- Aluminum Alloy
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
① Operating
temperature
(i) Environment
② Corrosion
(ii) Availability ③ Special service
(iii) Fabrication
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
(i) Environment ② Corrosion
(a) Stainless Steel
Generally Austenite Stainless Steel is used.
(b) Clad and Overlay
Austenite Stainless Steel is bonded on Carbon
Steel or Low Alloy Steel.
(c) Nonferrous Metal
Nonferrous metal is used for sea water service.
Necessary knowledge for design of pressure vessel - 10
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
① Operating
temperature
(i) Environment
② Corrosion
(ii) Availability ③ Special service
(iii) Fabrication
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
(i) Environment ③ Special service
(a) Wet H2S Service
- SSC
- HIC (Requirements for Difficult Test and Controlling Chemical
Composition)
(b) Hydrogen Service
- Hydrogen embrittlement (Requirements for Controlling Chemical
Composition)
⇒ It happens on Reactors used in high temperature.
[Material] Knowledge for selection of material
(ii) Availability
- Material that is easy to purchase on the market
- To select materials with considering total cost (equipment
weight)
(iii) Fabrication
- Machining, Welding, Post Weld Heat treatment
- Evaluating experiences and facilities of vendors
Necessary knowledge for design of pressure vessel - 13
[Design] Knowledge for design of vessel
Allowable Stress
* Each Code provides Tensile Strength
values at each temperature for
Safe factor
each material.
Stress
* It is decided from Tensile Allowable Stress
strength or yield stress with
consideration of safe factor. Strain
ex) ： ASME Sec.VIII Div.1⇒ 3.5
[Design] Knowledge for design of vessel
Calculation for shell thickness of vessel
PD PD
σ σ
1
2t 2
4t
PD PD
ｔ ｔ
2σ 1 4σ 2
Hoop stress > Longitudinal stress
[Design] Knowledge for design of vessel
Calculation for shell thickness of vessel
C.A. : Corrosion Allowance
PR
ｔ C. A. ASME Sec.VIII Div.1
S E 0.6 P (American pressure vessel
design code)
pDi
e C. A. PD5500
2f p (British pressure vessel
design code)
15
[Design] Knowledge for design of vessel
Example for Calculation of shell thickness: ASME Sec.VIII Div.1
• Design pressure : P = 50 kg/cm2
• Design temperature : 300℃
• Body material : SA516 Gr.70
t D
• Allowable stress at 300℃ : S = 14.0 kg/mm2
• Gauge : D = 3,000 mm (Before corrosion occurred)
• Welding efficiency : E = 0.85
PR
• Corrosion Allowance: 3 mm ｔ C. A.
S E 0 .6 P
[Design] Knowledge for design of vessel
Example for Calculation of shell thickness: ASME Sec.VIII Div.1
3000
0.5 3
2 3
t
14.0 0.85 0.6 0.5
68mm
t D
PR
ｔ C. A.
S E 0 .6 P
[Design] Knowledge for design of vessel
Input for design of pressure vessel
① Design Pressure (Internal or External)
② Design Temperature
③ Wind Load, Seismic Load (External Load)
④ Piping Force (External Load)
[Fabrication] Knowledge for fabrication sequence and
procedure
[Fabrication] Knowledge for fabrication sequence and
procedure
① Receiving inspection of steel plate
② Marking and Cutting for steel plate
③ Bending of steel plate
④ Longitudinal welding
⑤ Circumferential welding
⑥ Nozzle hole cutting, Nozzle welding
[Fabrication] Knowledge for fabrication sequence and
procedure
⑦ Head welding
⑧ Internal and External welding
⑨ Post weld heat treatment
➉ Hydrostatic test
⑪ Painting, Rust preservation, Shipping preparation
[Fabrication] Knowledge for fabrication sequence and
procedure
Shell
Fabrication
Nozzle
Installation
Head
[Test] Knowledge for test and inspection
(a) Material Test ： Test at steel mill
(Mill Certificate)
(b) Non-destructive ： Mainly 4 test methods
Test (RT, UT, MT, PT)
(c) Hydrostatic Test ：Pressure test using water
