Chapter 3
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
By Lake F.
What is artificial intelligence?
2
Artificial means "man-made"
• An object, substance, tools or an app that are created through human
intervention or manipulation.
Intelligence is "thinking power“ or “the ability to learn.
Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge.
• Thinking power
• Think abstractly, reason, plan, solve problems and adapt to new situations
Knowledge is the information acquired through experience.
Experience is the knowledge gained through training.
What is artificial intelligence?
3
So, we get artificial intelligence as the “copy human
intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science
by which we can create intelligent machines which can:
behave like a human
think like humans, and
able to make decisions.
What is artificial intelligence?
4
Artificial Intelligence (AI) as is the development of new
machines or computer system that can perform tasks that
required human intelligence, such as:
Visual perception
Speech recognition
Decision making and
Language translation.
Cont..
5
AI exists when a machine can have human-based skills like:
• Learning and Reasoning
• Solving problems
• Perception
• Linguistic Intelligence
An AI system is composed of an agent and its environment.
agent (human or robot) perceive its environment through
sensors.
The Need for Artificial Intelligence
6
To create expert systems that exhibit intelligent
behavior with the capability to:
• Learn, demonstrate, explain, and advise its users.
Helping machines to find solutions
• For complex problems like humans do and applying them
as algorithms in a computer-friendly manner.
The main Goals of Artificial Intelligence
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Replicate human intelligence.
Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks.
An intelligent connection of perception and action.
Building a machine which can perform tasks like
• Proving a theorem, Playing chess and Driving a car in traffic.
Creating system which can exhibit intelligent behavior,
• Learn new things by itself, demonstrate, and can advise to its user.
What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
8
Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain that
is a combination of :
• Reasoning, • perception,
• learning, • language
• problem-solving, understanding
What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
9
To make a machine learn and make a decision like
humans,
AI requires the knowledge of some disciplines.
Write down some disciplines which AI requires?
What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?
10
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
11
What do we get from using AI technology instead of
previous reactive technology?
The following are some the advantages of AI
High reliability Useful for risky areas
High Accuracy with Digital Assistant
fewer errors Useful as a public utility
High-Speed Solve problems
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
12
Engineering is a tradeoff; improving in one aspect
will lead you to worsen or deteriorating in another
aspect
The following are some the disadvantages of AI
o High Cost machines
o Can't think out of the box o No Original Creativity
o No feelings and emotions o Few experienced programmers
o Increase dependence on
History of AI
13
Artificial Intelligence is not a new word and not a new
technology for researchers.
This technology is much older than you would
imagine.
14
Levels of AI
15
1. Rule-Based Systems
Covering everything from business software and domestic
appliances to aircraft autopilots.
2. Context Awareness and Retention
Algorithms that develop information about the specific
domain. They are trained on the knowledge and experience
of the best humans, and their knowledge
Cont.…
16
3. Domain-Specific Expertise
Going beyond the capability of humans, these systems build
up expertise in a specific context taking in massive volumes
of information.
4. Reasoning Machines
Algorithms have some ability to attribute mental states to
themselves and others they have a sense of beliefs,
knowledge, and how their own logic works.
Cont.…
17
5. Self Aware Systems
These systems have human-like intelligence.
6. Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)
AI algorithms can outsmart even the most intelligent
humans in every domain.
Types of AI
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Artificial Intelligence can be divided into various types.
There are mainly two types of the main categorization
which are based on capabilities and based on functionally of
AI.
Type I(Based on Capabilities)
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1. Narrow AI(weak AI)
Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a
dedicated task with intelligence. The most common and
currently available AI is Narrow AI.
Example:
Google translate
Self-driving cars
Speech recognition
Image recognition
Cont.…
20
2. General AI:
It is a type of intelligence that could perform any
intellectual task with efficiency like a human.
Currently, there is no such system exists which
could come under general AI and can’t perform
any task as perfect as a human.
Cont.…
21
3. Super/Strong AI:
Is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could exceed
human intelligence.
Can perform any task better than a human with cognitive
properties.
Some key characteristics of strong AI include:
The ability to think
Make judgments
Plan, learn, …
Type II(Based on the functionality)
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1.
Reactive Machines
Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of AI
Such AI systems do not store past experiences for future
actions.
2. Limited Memory
Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some
data for a short period of time.
Self-driving cars are one of the best example.
Cont.…
23
3. Theory of Mind
Theory of Mind AI should understand human emotions, beliefs, and be
able to interact socially like humans.
This type of AI machines is still not developed.
4. Self-Awareness
Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence.
These machines will be super intelligent and will have their own
consciousness, sentiments, and self awareness.
These machines will be smarter than the human mind.
does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical concept.
How humans think ?
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The goal of many researchers is to create strong AI that learns like
a human and can solve general problems as the human brain does.
Intelligence or cognitive process is composed of three main
stages:
Observe and input the information or data in the brain.
Interpret and evaluate the input that is received from the surrounding.
Make decisions as a reaction towards what you received as input and
interpreted and evaluated.
Mapping human thinking to AI components
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In the first stage, humans acquire information from their
surrounding environments through human senses, such as:
sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, through human
organs, such as eyes, ears, and hands.
The second stage is related to interpreting and evaluating
the input data.
The third stage is related to taking action and making
decisions.
Applications of AI
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Agriculture: Agriculture is applying AI as agriculture robotics,
solid and crop monitoring, predictive analysis.
Healthcare: Healthcare Industries are applying AI to make a
better and faster diagnosis than humans.
Education: AI chatbot can communicate with students as a
teaching assistant.
Finance: Implementing automation, adaptive intelligence, and
machine learning into financial processes.
Cont.…
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Data Security: To make your data more safe and secure.
Social Media: Social Media sites such as Facebook and
Twitter contain billions of user profiles
This need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way.
AI can organize and manage massive amounts of data.
AI can analyze lots of data to identify the latest trends,
hashtags, and requirements of different users.
Cont.…
28
Robotics: Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics.
General robots are programmed such that they can perform some
repetitive task
We can create intelligent robots which can perform tasks with
their own experiences without pre programmed.
Recently the intelligent Humanoid robot named Erica and Sophia
has been developed which can talk and behave like humans.
AI tools and platforms
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AI platforms are defined as some sort of hardware
architecture or software framework, that allows the
software to run.
It involves the use of machines to perform the tasks.
The platform simulates the cognitive function that
human minds perform.
Cont.…
30
Some platforms offer pre-built algorithms and
simplistic workflows.
These algorithms can include functionality for image
recognition and natural language processing.
AI platforms are frequently used by developers to
create both the learning algorithm and intelligent
application.
Cont.…
31
AI has developed a large number of tools to solve the most
difficult problems in computer engineering like:
✓ Search and optimization
✓ Logic
✓ Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning
✓ Classifiers and statistical learning methods
✓ Neural networks
✓ Languages
Cont.…
32
The most common artificial intelligence platforms include:
Microsoft AZURE Machine Learning,
Google Cloud Prediction API,
TensorFlow,
Pytorch
Wipro HOLMES, and so on.
Sample AI application
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Email:
Spam Filters and
Smart Email Categorization
Social networking:
Facebook - When you upload photos to Facebook, the
service automatically highlights faces and suggests
friends tag.
Cont.…
34
Interest: uses computer vision, an application of AI
where computers are taught to automatically identify
objects in images.
Instagram: uses machine learning to identify the
contextual meaning of emoji, which have been
steadily replacing slang.
Cont.…
35
Online shopping
Search - Your Amazon searches quickly return a list of the
most relevant products related to your search.
Mobile use
Voice-to-Text - A standard feature on smartphones today is
voice-to-text. By pressing a button or saying a particular phrase
(“Ok Google”, for example), you can start speaking and your
phone converts the audio into text.
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Thank You!
