SUB-STATION-10
REPORTERS:
TORRES
ELUMBA
AQUINO
DUALLO
SALMONE
POLE-MOUNTED SUB-STATION
It is a distribution sub-station placed overhead on a
pole. It is the cheapest form of sub- station as it does
not involve any building work. Fig (1) shows the
layout of pole-mounted sub- station whereas Fig. (ii)
shows the schematic connections. The transformer
and other equipment. Whe mounted on H-type pole
(or 4-pole structure).
POLE-MOUNTED SUB-STATION
The 11 kV line is connected to the transformer (11kV/400 V)
through gang isolator and fuses. The lightning arresters are
installed on the H.T. side to protect the sub-station from lightning
strokes. The transformer steps down the voltage to 400V, 3-phase,
4-wire supply. The voltage between any two lines is 400V whereas
the voltage between any line and neutral is 230V. The oil circuit
breaker (O.C.B.) installed on the L.T. side automatically isolates
the transformer from the consumers in the event of any fault. The
pole-mounted transformers can also be used. The use of 3-phase
transformer (instead of 3 single phase bank of transformers)
permits two advantages. Firstly, only one 3-phase load-tap
changing mechanism can he used. Secondly, its installation is
much simpler than the three single phase transformers.
POLE-MOUNTED SUB-STATION
The power transformer is generally installed upon
lengths of rails fixed on concrete slabs having
foundations I to 1.5 in deep. For ratings upto 10
MVA, naturally cooled oil immersed transformers
are used. For higher ratings, the transformers are
generally air blast cooled.
POLE-MOUNTED SUB-STATION
BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENTS IN SUB-STATIONS
Bus-bars are the important components in a sub-
station. There are several bus-bar arrangements that
can he used in a sub-station. The choice of a
particular arrangement depends. upon various
factors such as system voltage, position of sub-
station, degree of reliability, cost etc. The following
are the important bus-bar arrangements used in sub-
stations.
BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENTS IN SUB-STATIONS
(i) Single bus-bar system. As the name suggests, it
consists of a single bus-bar and all the incoming and
outgoing lines are connected to it. The chief
advantages of this type of arrangement are low initial
cost, less maintenance and simple operation.
However. the principal disadvantage of single bus-
bar system is that if repair is to be done on the bus-
bar or a fault occurs on the bus, there is a complete
interruption of the supply. This arrangement is not
used for voltages exceeding 33kV. The indoor II kV
sub- stations often use single bus-bar arrangement.
BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENTS IN SUB-STATIONS
BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENTS IN SUB-
STATIONS
Fig-1 shows single bus-bar arrangement in a sub-
station. There are two IlkV incoming lines connected
to the bus-bar through circuit breakers and isolators.
The two 400V outgoing lines are connected to the
bus bars through transformers (11 kV/400 V) and
circuit breakers.
BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENTS IN SUB-STATIONS
BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENTS IN SUB-STATIONS
66KV SUB STATION
(i) There are two 66 kV incoming lines marked incoming l' and
incoming 2' connected to the bus-bars. Such an arrangement of two
incoming lines is called a double circuit. Each incoming line is capable
of supplying the rated sub-station load. Both these lines can be loaded
simultaneously to share the sub-station load or any one line can be
called upon to meet the entire load. The double circuit arrangement
increases the reliability of the system. In case there is a breakdown of
one incoming line, the continuity of supply can be maintained by the
other line.
(ii) The sub-station has duplicate bus-bar system: one 'main bus-bar'
and the other spare bus- bar. The incoming lines can be connected to
either bus-bar with the help of a bus-coupler which consists of a circuit
breaker and isolators. The advantage of double hus-har system is that if
repair is to be carried on one bus-bar, the supply need not be
interrupted as the entire load can be transferred to the other bus..
66KV SUB STATION
(iii) There is an arrangement in the sub-station by which the
same 66 kV double circuit supply is going out i.e. 66 kV double
circuit supply is passing through the sub-station. The outgoing
60 kV double circuit line can be made to act as incoming line.
(iv) There is also an arrangement to step down the incoming
66 kV supply to 1 1 kV by two. units of 3-phase transformers;
each transformer supplying to a separate bus-bar. Generally,
oils transformer supplies the entire sub-station load while the
other transformer acts as a standby unit. If need arises, both
the transformers can be called upon to share the sub-station
load. The II kV outgoing lines feed to the distribution sub-
stations located near consumer's localities.
66KV SUB STATION
(v) Both incoming and outgoing lines are connected
through circuit breakers having isolators. on their either
end. Whenever repair is to be carried over the line
towers, the line is first switched off and then earthed.
(vi) The potential transformers (P.T.) and current
transformers (C.T.) and suitably located for supply to
metering and indicating instruments and relay circuits
(not shown in the figure). The P.T. is connected right on
the point where the line is terminated. The CTs are
connected at the terminals of each circuit breaker.
66KV SUB STATION
(vii) The lightning arresters are connected near the
transformer terminals (on H.T. side) to protect there
from lightning strokes.
viii) There are other auxiliary components in the
sub-station such as capacitor bank for power factor
improvement, earth connections, local supply
connections, d.c. supply connections etc. However,
these have been omitted in the key diagram for the
sake of simplicity.
