TECHNICAL TERMS

USED IN RESEARCH
Lesson Title
 DIRECTION: DETERMINE FURTHER THE MEANING AND FUNCTION OF
Act. 1 RESEARCH BY READING THE PARAGRAPHS BELOW. IN DOING SO, ARRANGE
THE JUMBLED LETTERS OF SOME TERMS TO UNDERSTAND RESEARCH EVEN
BETTER.

WHEN RESEARCHERS ARE INTERESTED IN EXAMINING A PROBLEM

USING A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH, IT IS SAID THAT THEY ARE DOING A (1.) S
A R R E E C H. THE PEOPLE WHO ARE BEING STUDIED ARE CALLED (2.) B U
J E C T S. THE PERSON WHO OVERSEES THE RESEARCH IS CALLED THE (3.)
P R I N C E L I P INVESTIGATOR. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THEORIES ARE
CALLED (4.) C E P C O N T S.
AN ABSTRACT GENERALIZATION THAT PRESENTS A SYSTEMATIC
REPRESENTATION ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PHENOMENA IS
CALLED A (5.) H E R O Y T. THE CONCEPTS THAT ARE STUDIED ARE
CALLED (6.) B A R I A L E V. THE CONCEPT THAT IS BEING STUDIED THAT
USUALLY INDICATES THE INFLUENCE OR CAUSE IS CALLED THE (7.) D E N
T I N P E E N D VARIABLE.
 THE CONCEPT THAT THE RESEARCHER IS MOST INTERESTED IN
UNDERSTANDING IS CALLED THE (8.) T E E N N P E D D VARIABLE.
VARIABLES THAT MAY INFLUENCE OR CONTAMINATE THE DATA ARE
CALLED (9.) E O U T S X A E R N VARIABLES. IF THE GROUP THAT IS
BEING STUDIED IS VERY DIFFERENT OR VARIED, THE GROUP IS SAID
TO BE (10.) G E N E S H E R O T E O U WHILE GROUPS THAT ARE VERY
SIMILAR ARE CALLED (11.) H O O M N E E G O U S GROUPS. WHEN
STUDYING VARIABLES, DEFINITIONS MUST BE CLARIFIED. A
VARIABLE SUCH AS ANXIETY MAY BE DEFINED AS A FEELING OF
UNEASINESS; THIS IS CALLED A (12.) C E P T A L C U O N DEFINITION.
TO MEASURE ANXIETY, THE STATE-TRAITE ANXIETY SCALE MIGHT
BE USED.
 A (13.) S Y S I T H E P H O IS A STATEMENT WRITTEN BY THE
RESEARCHER THAT STATES THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG OR BETWEEN
VARIABLES. THERE ARE TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES FOR RESEARCH
DESIGNS. ONE DESIGN, THE (14.) Q U A I N T V A I E T T APPROACH
USES DATA THAT HAS NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION OR VALUES. THE
SECOND DESIGN, (15.) Q U A I L V E A T T I, USES NARRATIVE DATA.
(16.) D E D U C E V I T REASONING IS THE BASIS FOR QUANTITATIVE
APPROACH. THE BOND OR CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES
IS CALLED A (17.) O R I E N T A L H I P S. RESEARCH THAT IS
CONDUCTED TO GENERATE KNOWLEDGE THAT INFLUENCES OR
IMPROVES PRACTICE IS CALLED (18.) D E A L I P P RESEARCH.
RESEARCH THAT TESTS THEORIES IS KNOWN AS (19.) A S C I B
RESEARCH.
 WHAT IS RESEARCH?
RESEARCH IS A PROCESS OF SYSTEMATIC INQUIRY THAT ENTAILS
COLLECTION OF DATA; DOCUMENTATION OF CRITICAL INFORMATION; AND
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF THAT DATA/INFORMATION, IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SUITABLE METHODOLOGIES SET BY SPECIFIC PROFESSIONAL FIELDS AND
ACADEMIC
DISCIPLINES.

RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE VALIDITY OF A HYPOTHESIS OR

AN INTERPRETIVE FRAMEWORK; TO ASSEMBLE A BODY OF SUBSTANTIVE
KNOWLEDGE AND FINDINGS FOR SHARING THEM IN APPROPRIATE MANNERS;
AND TO GENERATE QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER INQUIRIES.
 RESEARCH TERMS
ABSTRACT - A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF A RESEARCH STUDY
APPLIED RESEARCH - CONDUCTED TO GENERATE KNOWLEDGE THAT
INFLUENCES OR IMPROVES PRACTICE
BASIC RESEARCH - RESEARCH THAT TESTS THEORIES
CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION - A VARIABLE, SUCH AS ANXIETY, MAY BE
DEFINED AS A FEELING OF UNEASINESS
CONCEPTS - THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THEORIES
CONSTITUTIVE DEFINITION - THE BASIC, DICTIONARY MEANING
CONTROL GROUP - IN EXPERIMENTS, THE ONE THAT DOES NOT GET
THE TREATMENT
 RESEARCH TERMS
CORRELATIONAL STUDY- A TYPE OF RESEARCH DESIGN THAT DEPICTS
A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES, BUT NOT NECESSARILY ONE OF
CAUSE -EFFECT
DATA - INFORMATION USED AS A BASIS FOR REASONING, DISCUSSION,
OR CALCULATION
DELIMITATIONS - IT ADDRESSES HOW THE STUDY WILL BE NARROWED
IN SCOPE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE - THE CONCEPT THAT THE RESEARCHER IS
MOST INTERESTED IN UNDERSTANDING
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY - RESEARCH DESIGN THAT DESCRIBES “WHAT IS”
E.G. A SURVEY
 RESEARCH TERMS
EXPERIMENT -A RESEARCH DESIGN USED TO FIND “CAUSE-EFFECT”
RELATIONSHIPS THE “EFFECT OF…ON…”
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP - THE ONE THAT GETS THE TREATMENT
EXTERNAL VALIDITY-HOW GENERALIZABLE THE RESULTS ARE AS IT
CONCERNS OTHER POPULATIONS AND LOCATIONS
EXTRANEOUS - VARIABLES THAT MAY INFLUENCE OR CONTAMINATE
THE DATA
HETEROGENEOUS - GROUPS UNDER STUDY ARE VERY DIFFERENT OR
VARIED.
HOMOGENEOUS -GROUPS THAT ARE VERY SIMILAR
 RESEARCH TERMS
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE -THE CONCEPT BEING STUDIED THAT
USUALLY INDICATES THE INFLUENCE OR CAUSE; THE ONE THAT THE
RESEARCHER IS MANIPULATING
HYPOTHESIS - A STATEMENT WRITTEN BY THE RESEARCHER THAT
STATES THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG OR BETWEEN VARIABLES
INDUCTIVE REASONING - THE BASIS FOR THE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
APPROACH
DEDUCTIVE REASONING - DEPENDS ON PREMISES AND IS THE BASIS
FOR THE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH
INTERNAL VALIDITY - THE EXTENT TO WHICH A STUDY MEASURES
WHAT IT IS SUPPOSED TO MEASURE (ACCURACY WITHIN A STUDY)
 RESEARCH TERMS
INTRODUCTION -ESTABLISHES THE SCOPE, CONTEXT AND
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH TO BE CONDUCTED.

LIMITATIONS -IDENTIFY POTENTIAL WEAKNESSES OF THE STUDY.

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY-AVERAGES E.G. THE MEAN)

MEAN -THE ARITHMETIC AVERAGE

MEDIAN -THE MIDDLE WHERE HALF THE SCORES FALL ABOVE, HALF
BELOW, ELIMINATES THE INFLUENCE OF OUTLIERS
 RESEARCH TERMS
METHODOLOGY -SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF A
PROCESS. IT INCLUDES STEPS OF PROCEDURE, APPLICATION OF
TECHNIQUES, SYSTEMS OF ANALYSIS, AND THE MODES OF INQUIRY
EMPLOYED BY A DISCIPLINE.
MODE -THE SCORE THAT OCCURS THE MOST

NULL HYPOTHESIS -THE PROPOSITION, TO BE TESTED STATISTICALLY,

THAT THE EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTION HAS "NO EFFECT," MEANING
THAT THE TREATMENT AND CONTROL GROUPS WILL NOT DIFFER AS A
RESULT OF THE INTERVENTION. INVESTIGATORS USUALLY HOPE THAT
THE DATA WILL DEMONSTRATE SOME EFFECT FROM THE
INTERVENTION, THUS ALLOWING THE INVESTIGATOR TO REJECT THE
NULL HYPOTHESIS
 RESEARCH TERMS
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION -HOW A TERM IS USED IN A STUDY
PARTICIPANT -ALSO CALLED RESPONDENTS, THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
AND RESPONSES ARE THE OBJECT OF STUDY IN RESEARCH

PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR -THE PERSON WHO OVERSEES A RESEARCH

POPULATION -THE TARGET GROUP UNDER INVESTIGATION.THE

POPULATION IS THE ENTIRE SET UNDER CONSIDERATION. SAMPLES
ARE DRAWN FROM POPULATIONS
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY -SPECIFIC RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
FOR THE RESEARCH.
 RESEARCH TERMS
RANDOM -BY CHANCE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH -TRYING TO VERIFY OR GENERATE
DESCRIPTIVE THEORY THAT IS GROUNDED IN THE DATA GLEANED
FROM THE INVESTIGATION (NATURALISTIC).
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH -ANSWER A SPECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTION
BY SHOWING STATISTICAL EVIDENCE THAT THE DATA MAY BE
ADDRESSED IN A PARTICULAR WAY (EXPERIMENTAL).
QUESTIONNAIRE -STRUCTURED SETS OF QUESTIONS ON SPECIFIED
SUBJECTS THAT ARE USED TO GATHER INFORMATION.
 RESEARCH TERMS
RANDOM SAMPLE -EVERYBODY HAS THE SAME CHANCE OF BEING
ASSIGNED TO ANY GROUP.
RESEARCH -A SYSTEMATIC, OBJECTIVE WAY TO GENERATE FACTS

RESEARCH DESIGN -THE METHOD FOR FINDING OUT WHAT THE

RESEARCHER WANTS TO KNOW, EXPERIMENT, AND CORRELATE…

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -THE METHOD OF RESEARCH DESIGN

(PARADIGM AS WELL AS STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS) AS WELL AS THE
APPROXIMATE TIMELINE FOR COMPLETION OF THE STUDY.
 RESEARCH TERMS
RELATIONSHIP -THE BOND OR CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES
SAMPLE A SMALLER GROUP THAT REPRESENTS POPULATION OF
INTEREST
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY -IT IS WRITTEN AS PART OF THE
INTRODUCTION SECTION OF A THESIS. IT PROVIDES DETAILS TO THE
READER ON HOW THE STUDY WILL CONTRIBUTE SUCH AS WHAT THE
STUDY WILL CONTRIBUTE AND WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM IT.

STANDARD DEVIATION -A MEASURE OF SPREAD; THE AVERAGE

DEVIATION OF A GROUP OF SCORES FROM THE MEAN STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM PART OF THE INTRODUCTION WHICH ENUMERATES THE
RESEARCH QUESTIONS WHICH THE STUDY SOUGHT TO ANSWER.
 RESEARCH TERMS
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS -APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL PROCESSES AND
THEORY TO THE COMPILATION, PRESENTATION, DISCUSSION, AND
INTERPRETATION OF NUMERICAL DATA.
STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE -AN IMPORTANT FINDING THAT DID NOT
LIKELY HAPPEN BY CHANCE
STATISTICS -MATHEMATICAL TOOLS BASED ON THE NORMAL CURVE
USED TO ANALYZE DATA; IT MUST MATCH WITH RESEARCH DESIGNS

T-SCORE -A STANDARD SCORE ON THE NORMAL CURVE WHERE THE

MEAN IS ASSIGNED “50” DEVIATIONS OF “10”. ALLOWS MORE SIMPLE
INTERPRETATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
 RESEARCH TERMS
SUBJECT -THE PEOPLE WHO ARE BEING STUDIED
T-TEST -A PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL TOOL THAT COMPARES
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE MEANS OF TWO GROUPS: ASSUMPTIONS
FOR USE INCLUDE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND AT LEAST INTERVAL
DATA
THEORY - A GENERALIZATION THAT PRESENTS A REPRESENTATION
ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PHENOMENA
VALIDITY -ACCURACY, THE EXTENT TO WHICH A TEST OR STUDY
MEASURES WHAT IT IS SUPPOSED TO MEASURE
VARIABLE -A QUALITY OF INTEREST OR CONCEPTS THAT CAN BE
MANIPULATED, OBSERVED OR STUDIED
TAKE HOME ACTIVITY
To be submitted on Friday

Activity 4: Mystery Word Challenge

Quarter 4:Week 2 Leap
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