Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health

Why the need for

occupational
safety and health
(OSH) ?
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH LAW
Under Republic Act No. 11058, Filipino workers are given better protection in the
workplace. This law ensures safer workplaces by requiring employers to provide
complete safe work procedures, information dissemination about work-related
hazards, safety and health training, and protective equipment.

The OSH Law also provides that each Filipino worker is protected against injury,
sickness or death through safe and healthful working conditions and that
employers must promote strict but dynamic, inclusive, and gender-sensitive
measures in the formulation and implementation of policies and programs
related to occupational safety and health.

It applies to all establishments, projects, sites, including Philippine Economic

Zone Authority (PEZA) establishments, and all other workplaces.
RA 11058 and DOLE DO 198-2018
This Rules shall apply to all establishments, projects and sites, and all other places
where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity, including:
Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1 –
2020 DOLE DOH CSC
DO 198-2018: Definition of Terms
DO 198-2018: Definition of Terms
DO 198-2018: Definition of Terms
DO 198-2018: Definition of Terms
Conduct business
The total cost of implementing OSH Programs shall be an integral
part of the company’s operations cost.
SECTION 15: OH Personnel and Facilities
OSHS Rule 1060 – Occupational Health Services
 STANDARD FIRST AID
FIRST AIDER : TRAINING
OH NURSE :
OH DENTIST :
OH PHYSICIAN :
 Focus of OSH
Method Materials

PEOPLE

Environment Equipment
 Sec. 4A Duties of EMPLOYERS

• Capacity building of all workers including mandatory

trainings
• Provision of information on OSH
• Use of devices/equipment with approved industry standards
• Compliance with all the requirements of the OSH Standards
• Provide appropriate DOLE tested & approved PPE’s FREE
(PPE’s Policy) of charges to the workers.
 Sec. 4B Duties of WORKERS
• Participate in capacity building activities on
safety and health
• Comply with instructions to prevent accidents or
immediate danger situation in the workplace
• Observe prescribed steps to be taken in cases
of emergency
• Proper use of all safeguards and safety devices
furnished for worker’s protection and others
What is a Health and Safety Committee
(HSC) ?

A Health and Safety Committee (HSC) is a group

of workers who meet regularly to improve health
and safety practices. The committee help develop
policies and procedures for health and safety and
also recommend improvements to management.
 Sec 17: OSH Reports

1. Annual Medical Report (AMR)

2. Report of the Safety Organization (RSO)
3. Employer’s Work Accident Illness Report (WAIR)
4. Annual Work Accident or Injury Exposure Data Report

(AEDR)
Occupational safety and health is discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields:

1 2

Occupational Occupational
Safety Health

3
Industrial
Hygiene
 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
Deals with understanding the cause of accidents at work
and ways to prevent unsafe act and unsafe conditions in
any work place.
Good Housekeeping
Machine Safety
Electrical Safety
Fire Prevention and Control
Handling of Materials and Storage
 Good Housekeeping
Sort Set in Order Shine

Standardize Sustain
 Use of Machine
Machine Hazard Occurs Effect of Accident
1. Point of Operation
2. Other Moving Parts • Severe Injuries
• Loss of Employee
• Loss of Productivity
3. Power Transmission
• Damage of
Equipment
 Material Handling
Manual Handling Mechanical Handling
Packaging of product Powered/non mechanics mainly for
using physical strength. handling bulk or heavy items

Hazard
• Physical Stain or over-exertion
• Falling Load
• Collision
• Hit, Cut, Blows
• Trap between objects
Cauces of Accident
 ACCIDENT
An occurrence or event that is unexpected/unforeseen, unplanned
and unwanted.

 loss; damage
 injury
 death
 Examples of Unsafe Acts

 Operating equipment without authority

 Removing safety devices
 Using Defective equipment
 Improper/Non-use of PPE
 Horseplaying
 Working while under the influence of
alcohol or drugs
 Example Unsafe Condition
• The physical or chemical property
of a material, machine or the
environment that may result in
injury to a person, damage or
destruction to property and other
losses;
• Could have been guarded or
prevented.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Broad concept which explains how the different hazards and risks
at work may cause an illness and deseases in any workplace.
Health Programs and Policies on
Drug-free workplace (RA 9165)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (RA 8504)
Tuberculosis (EC-187-03)
Hepatitis B (DOLE DA 05-2010)
Mental health services in the workplace (RA 11036)
Healthy lifestyle
 Risk Assessment Concept & Process
Hazard
Any source of potential damage, harm,or
adverse health effect on people.
Risk
 Combination of the probability of
occurrence and the severity of injury
 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

Concept process: HI-RA-C

Identify (Hazard
Identification)
Evaluate (Risk Assessment)
Control (Control)
Basic Hazard Awareness
Objectives
• By the end of this workshop, you will:

– Identify how workplace injuries or illnesses can affect your

everyday life.
– Identify common symptoms, aches/pains, illnesses and injuries
that are associated with your work.
– Identify and recognize the exposures and hazards linked to work-
related illnesses and injuries.
– Develop solutions and strategies to address these identified
hazards.
Hazard identification
CHEMICAL &
DUST HAZARDS
BIOLOGICAL (cleaning products, ERGONOMIC
pesticides, asbestos, etc.)
HAZARDS HAZARDS
(mold, insects/pests, (repetition, lifting,
communicable diseases, awkward postures, etc.)
etc.) WORK
ORGANIZATION
HAZARDS
SAFETY PHYSICAL
Things that cause
HAZARDS STRESS! HAZARDS
(slips, trips and falls, (noise, temperature
faulty equipment, etc.) extremes, radiation, etc.)
 Physical Hazard

Noise/ Pressure Vibration

- Loudness 90dB • Segmental Vibration - hand held powertools
- Duration 8hrs • Whole Body Vibration - Vehicle, Crane, Floor Mounted Machines
- Frequency
Adverse Health Effect:
Adverse Health Effect: Inflammation of joints and muscles
Induce Hearing Loss Generalize Fatigue
Poor Communication Rupture of Eardrums
Rupture of Eardrums
 Physical Hazard
Illumination Temparature Extremes
General Lighting Heat Stress
large area (distributed) - high temp than 37.5 degree
- high humidity
- poor ventitalation
Local Lighting - mutiple heat source
small area(direct)
Health Effect:
• Heat Fatigue
• Heat Stroke

Health Effect: Cold Stress

Double vission lower temp than 36.5 degree
Headache
Painful irritation Health Effect:
Redness of eyes • Hypothermia
• Frostbite
Physical Hazard
Health Effect:
- damage of the cells
- dermatitis
- cataracts
- changes of blood
 Chemical Hazard
DUST - solid particles projected to the air MIST - floating particles VAPOR - difused in the air

FUMES - produce smokes GASES - gasoues airborne

Chemical Hazard
 Biological Hazard
Infectious diseases that can originate from people, animals and plants.

Health Effect:  Microbiological

• Tuberculosis • Bacteria, viruses, molds,fungi and protozoa
• AIDS
• Hepatitis  Macrobiological
• Skin Diseases • Insects, parasites,plants and animals,soil

FOOD PREPARATION with 5’s

 Ergonomic Hazard
factors in your environment that can harm the MUSCULOSKELETAL system.
• IMPROPERLY ADJUSTED • FREQUENT LIFTING • POOR POSTURE
workstations and chairs
hazard identification
Fire Safety
 OBJECTIVE
• To acquire basic knowledge on the nature
and behavior of fire
• To be familiar with the proper response
procedures during fire emergencies
• To increase awareness on fire safety and
be more prepared in case of a fire incident.
 COURSE OUTLINE
A. NATURE AND BEHAVIOR OF FIRE
B. CLASSES OF FIRE
C. PARTS & USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
D. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF FIRE BRIGADE
E. FIRE EVACUATION DRILL & PROCEDURE
F. FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURE
G. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
H. BASIC FIRE SAFETY FEATURES IN A BUILDING
I. FIRE SAFETY TIPS
 WHAT IS FIRE

Fire – The active principle of burning, characterized by the

heat and light of combustion (RA 9514). It is a rapid oxidation
process accompanied with the evolution of light and heat of
varying intensities
 The Tetrahedron of Fire
Oxygen Sources Heat Sources
Approximately 16% Required
Normal air contains 21% O2. To Reach Ignition Temperature
Some fuel materials contain Open Flames - The Sun
sufficient oxygen within their Hot Surfaces
makeup to support burning. Sparks and Arcs
CHEMICAL Friction - Chemical Action
REACTION Electrical Energy
Compression of Gases

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Bulky
Bulky -- Dust
Dust Gasoline
Gasoline Kerosene
Kerosene Natural
Natural Gas
Gas Propane
Propane
Finely
Finely Divided
Divided Coal
Coal Turpentine
Turpentine Butane
Butane Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Wood
Wood Paper
Paper Alcohol
Alcohol Acetylene
Acetylene
Cloth
Cloth Plastic
Plastic Liver
Liver Oil
Oil Paint
Paint Carbon
Carbon Monoxide
Monoxide
Grain
Grain Others
Others Varnish
Varnish Lacquer
Lacquer
Olive
Olive Oil
Oil Others
Others
STAGES
OF FIRE
GNITION STAGE
• Point wherein the fire starts
• There is plenty of oxygen,
little heat and smoke
• Fire is still small and generally
confined to the fuel that initially
ignited
GROWTH STAGE
• Temperature and smoke level increases
• Oxygen level decreased and the fuel is
already dried out
• Hot gasses rise to the ceiling and spreads
outward the walls
• Can be continuous if there is enough fuel and
oxygen
• The smoke layer is getting thicker and fire is
starting to spread to nearby furniture
FLASH OVER
• Transition between growth and fully developed
stage
• Transition between growth and fully developed
stage
• May involve exposed combustibles
• Increasing level of smoke with decreased
visibility
• Gasses are generated by heat
FULLY DEVELOPED
• All combustibles materials present are continuously
burning
• Maximum amount of heat is released
• The volume of fire is dependent of the number and size
of ventilation openings
• Unburned gasses begin flowing to adjacent spaces and
ignite once it enters a space where air more abundant
 DECAY
• Intensity of fire decreasing due to lack of
available fuel
• Most of fuel consumed
• Effort concentrated on cooling of the remaining
fuel
 METHODS OF
HEAT TRANSFER

1. By Radiation
2. By Convection
3. By Conduction
4. By Direct Contact
Radiation

Radiation is the transmission of heat energy through

electromagnetic wave.
Convection

HEAT
Convection is the transfer of heat energy by the movement
of heated fluids.
 Conduction

M
Ordinary combustible materials E
T
A
L

Heat Transfer by Conduction. It is the transmission of heat from one body to

another. It is the transfer of heat from one molecule to another molecule
 Electricity/ Electrical Fire
Type of Electrical Accident Conductor
Free electron that can move easily (Metal, Water & Body)
Direct
1. Electrocution or Death
Insulator
2. Electric Shock
Free electron that cannot move easily (Plastic, Rubber,dry air
3. Burn mtrl’s)
Indirect Current (Amp)
1. Fall Flow of electric charge
2. Fire Cause of Accident
• Contact with Live Conductor
• Short Circuiting/Spark
• Overload
• Non-usage of standard
• Wet environment
• Poor Maintenance
Fire Extinguishment Theory
• Cooling-temperature reduction
• Smothering-oxygen dilution
• Fuel Removal
• Inhibition-breaking the chemical
reaction
REDUCTION OF HEAT

1. Use something that absorb heat

2. Use water being the best cooling agent
3. Use foam which contains 94% water
. EXCLUSION OR DEPRIVATION OF OXYGEN
 Secure the door at close position
 Displacement or diluting oxygen by means of CO2
 Blanketing- using wet blanket as foam
REMOVAL OF FUEL
 Shut off fuel supply
 Relocate flammable/ combustible materials
INHIBITION OF CHAIN REACTION or breaking
the combustion Chain
 Classification of Fire
A fire is classified according to the fuel it consumes

CLASS A
Ordinary combustibles or
fibrous material, such as
wood, paper, cloth,
rubber and some plastics.
 CLASS B
Flammable or combustible
liquids such as gasoline,
kerosene, paint, paint
thinners and propane.

CLASS C
Energized electrical
equipment, such as
appliances, switches, panel
boxes and power tools.
 CLASS D
Certain combustible metals, such as
magnesium, titanium, potassium and
sodium. They may react violently with
water or other chemicals, and must
be handled with care.

CLASS K
Fires involving combustible
cooking fluids such as oils
and fats.
FIRST AIDE FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCE

Fire Extinguisher
is a handy, first aid fire fighting
-

equipment
 Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
DISCHARGE LEVER PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN extinguishers)
AND SEAL
CARRYING
DISCHARGE HOSE HANDLE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
 HOW TO USE A
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• P – Pull the pin

• A – Aim the nozzle
• S – Squeeze the lever
• S – Sweep side to side at the
base of the fire
is an exercise or practice that teach the people on how to leave
the building safely.
∞PURPOSE OF FIRE DRILL:
1. Ensure the efficient and safe of exits
2. Help prevent panic
3. Occupants participating in a drill learns to:
a. locate the fire exits of the building
b. leave the building/house in a smooth, safely, orderly and
disciplined manner
c. recognize or familiarize the actual sound of the fire alarm
system
d. assemble at the designated evacuation area
FIRE BRIGADE
ORGANIZATION
 FIRE BRIGADE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
FIRE BRIGADE CHIEF

DEPUTY FIRE BRIGADE CHIEF

FLOOR CAPTAIN S.O

FLOOR MARSHAL FLOOR MARSHAL FLOOR MARSHAL FLOOR MARSHAL FLOOR MARSHAL FLOOR MARSHAL

EVAC GUIDE EVAC GUIDE EVAC GUIDE EVAC GUIDE EVAC GUIDE EVAC GUIDE

FIRST AID FIRE SAFETY

COMMUNICATION FIRE FIGHTING EVACUATION SECURITY & RESCUE AND
TEAM PERSONNEL
TEAM TEAM TEAM TRAFFIC SALVAGE
TEAM TEAM
Fire Marshal (FM)

• During emergencies, the FM should have a complete

monitoring and supervision of the situation
• The FM must be able to immediately set up a Command
Post
• The FM must immediately have an available copy of the
floor plan/lay out of the building
• The FM should regularly organize fire safety seminars
and drills for the building fire brigade and occupants
Assistant Brigade Marshal (ABM)

• During an emergency, the ABM should take charge of the

situation in the absence of the BM
• Must provide full assistance to the BM on the supervision of
fire brigade

Communication Team
• Upon confirmation that fire is positive, the assigned
communication team must immediately call the nearest fire
station or any provided emergency hotline
• Must be always prepared to give public address in case of
evacuation
Firefighting Team

• Must have at least 4 members to act as Nozzle man, Back-

up, Line man and Valve operator
• Upon verification of a reported fire, the first responders (2
persons) must bring 2 fire extinguishers and a handheld
radio
• They are responsible in immediately informing the
BM/Communication team if the fire is positive
• Must be able to provide quick assessment if the fire is
uncontrollable
Evacuation Team

• Must have atleast 2 members per floor

• They are responsible for providing full assistance on the
proper evacuation of all the occupants of the building
• Should be familiar with all the entry and exit points of the
building including the designated evacuation area
Security/Traffic Team

• All security personnel are automatically designated as

Security/Traffic team members

• Should know the roles/responsibilities of ALL the fire

brigade members

• During a fire emergency, 1 security personnel must serve

as a fireman’s guide and assist the responding BFP
personnel on the exact location of the fire scene
Rescue Team
• Once the evacuation signal/alarm is sounded, the
rescue team shall conduct initial search & rescue
procedures on the building
• Must immediately bring the victims at the designated
first aid station
Salvage Team
• During a fire emergency, the salvage team is
responsible for saving savable properties within the
fire scene or those properties that can be saved from
further damage to lessen the amount of damages
First Aid Team
• Responsible for the proper and immediate application of
Basic First Aid to the victims
• Must monitor the hospitals wherein the victims were
brought
• Should be properly trained in Basic First Aid and CPR
Fire Safety Personnel

• Responsible for the daily monitoring and inspection

of all the fire safety features of the building
• In case the sprinkler system activates during a fire
incident, they must be on stand-by on the involved
isolation valve for an immediate shut-off after the
declaration of FIRE OUT by BFP
A Fire Brigade must remember to:
• Determine the Specific Fire Floor
• Begin the Control of Evacuation
• Search of the fire floor and all floors above the fire
• Gain Control of Building Systems
• Confine and Extinguish the Fire
 IN CASE OF FIRE
• Proceed to the designated evacuation
area
• Immediately leave the building by
means of nearest available exit
• Notify other persons on your way out
• Never go back to the burning building
During a Fire Emergency, there should be a:

1. Command Post (FM, Tech Staff)

-White Board
-Floor/Key Plan of the building
-Radio
2. First Aid Station
3. Evacuation Area
4. Caution Tape
Basic Information for the white board:

Time fire started:

Floor/s involved/Location:
Time of call to the Fire Dept:
Time Evacuation started:
Time Responder/s arrived:
Time Evacuation ended:
Time of fire out:

Name of victim/s Type of injury Responding Ambulance Recipient hospital

 BASIC FIRE SAFETY FEATURES OF A
BUILDING
1. Automatic Fire Suppression System-Sprinkler
System
2. Fire Hose Cabinet
3. Fire Detection and Alarm System-Smoke detectors
4. Means of Egress (Emergency Exit)
5. Portable Fire Extinguishers
Fire Safety Tips
1. Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe work
practices.

2. Unplug all electrical equipment when not in

operation, unless necessary.

3. Maintain proper housekeeping

4. Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked,

lighted and free from any obstruction.
5. Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire
extinguishers and other fire fighting
equipment.

6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy

7. Avoid overloading of electrical circuits by

plugging many appliances
8. Do not store large volume of combustible
liquids without proper clearance/permit and
fire protection

9. Ensure complete attendance of ALL fire

brigade members during Fire Safety Seminars
and Drills

[Link] conduct emergency drills (internal)

 IN CASE OF FIRE
Should you discover Fire/Medical Emergency
 seat work
• 4 methods of heat tranfer
• 5 basic fire safety features of a building
• give 9 body parts od a fire extinguisher
• 4 step on how to use afire extinguisher