Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
NC Goals 1, 5, & 6
NC Goals Covered
1.03 Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence to explain observations; explain the relationship between evidence and explanation 5.03 Identify Substances through the investigation of physical properties 6.04 Measure and analyze the indicators of chemical change including. Formation of a precipitate.
Composition of matter Define substances and mixtures Identify elements and compounds Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions. Properties of Matter Identify substances using physical properties. Compare and contrast physical and chemical changes Identify chemical changes Determine how the law of conservation of mass applies to chemical changes
Substance Element Compound Heterogeneous mixture Homogeneous mixture Solution Colloid Tyndall effect Suspension
Physical property Physical change Distillation Chemical property Chemical change Law of conservation of mass
Composition of matter
Pure _________type of matter with a fixed composition Substance: 1. element 2. compound Helium, oxygen, water, salt
Elements
_________substance with atoms are all alike 90 found on Earth 20 lab created (unstable short time exists)
Compound
_________substance formed from two or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements is always the same Example: water- 2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen Compounds usually look different from the elements in them
Mixtures
Mixtures heterogeneous and homogeneous _______________mixture in which different materials are unevenly distributed and are easily identified ________________solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout
Heterogeneous
Granite, concrete, dry soup mix Fabric
Homogeneous Mixtures
Canned soda Vinegar ___________homogenous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with microscope Will never settle
Colloids
________homogeneous mixture whose particles never settle (solution quality) Milk, gelatin, paint, Fog (liquid), smoke (solid) Beam of light test detects colloid Colloid Scatters light ________________scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid
Suspensions
___________heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle Pond water Settles, can be separated by filter, >100nm, scatters light
Matter
Substance
Mixture
element
compound
homogeneous
heterogeneous suspension
solution
Colloid
Properties of Matter
_______________any characteristic of a material such as size or shape, that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material Color, shape, size, density, melting point, boiling point Metals- magnetic, malleable Liquids- ability to flow (viscosity) Can separate items because of properties from mixtures
Physical change
______________any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same Freezes, boils, evaporates, or condenses ONLY physical change Energy change but identity of element or compound the same Example ice, liquid water and steam
Distillation
___________process that can separate two substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and a recondensing its vapor Two liquid with different boiling temps can also be separated
Chemical properties
_______________any characteristic of a substance such as flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a certain change Burn/ flammability, UV light changes Burning, odor, (rotten egg odor) Rust, formation of bubbles, solid in liquids (precipitate) Rust- oxidation
_______________change of one substance into a new substance Sometimes rapid release of energy heat, light, and sound Only proof NEW substance is formed!
Tarnish change back to silver reverse chemical reaction Metals separated from ores then purified by chemical changes
Weathering
________changes freeze, crack, expand water move ________acidic water dissolve some minerals also CO2
Conservation of Mass
Matter can change form but not lost or gained a + b = ab or ab= a + b Ab + cd = a + cb +d or c + ad + b or a+ b+ c+ d or ad + cb ________________of mass matter is neither created nor destroyed The mass of all substances that are present before a chemical reaction equals the mass of all the substances that remain after the change
