17 Apr

18 Ma
19 y 1861
8-

20 Jun 62
21 Jul 63
18 70
19 71
20 Jan 18 72
21 Feb 73
22 Mar 74
 8 Apr 70
9 Ma 71
10 y 18 72
11 Jun 73
12 Jul 74
1 Mar 80
2 Apr 81
3 Ma 1882
4y 83
5 Jun 84
13 87
14 Jan 88
15 Feb 1889
16 Mar 90
17 Apr 91
1 Ma 90
2y 91
3 Jun 1892
4 Jul 93
5 Aug 94
15 Ma 90
16 y 91
17 Jun 1892
18 Jul 93
19 Aug 94
27 Sep 94
28 Oct 95
29 Nov1896
30 Dec
31
THE
CHILDHOOD OF
RIZAL
• Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado Alonso y
Realonda was born on June 19, 1861 in
the town of Calamba in Laguna Province
• 7th child out of 11 born to Francisco
Mercado and Teodora Alonso
• Learned the alphabet from his mother at
3, and could read and write at the age of
5.
• The childhood of Jose Rizal can be
characterized by his desire to learn, even
frequenting the church nearby his home
to watch and observe people.
• Allegedly wrote his first poem at the age
of 8 titled “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”
(English: To my Fellow Youth)
AWAKENING OF
RIZAL’S
NATIONALISTIC
VIEWS
 • She was a strong advocate for Filipino rights and
independence.
• She was a victim of Spanish injustice and abuse of
power.

• Rizal's brother, Paciano Rizal, had a significant connection

to Gomburza.
• Paciano was an active supporter of the reform movement
and the fight for justice and equality in the Philippines.
• The execution of Gomburza was seen as an injustice by
many Filipinos, and it served as a catalyst for the growing
nationalist movement, which eventually led to the
Philippine Revolution.
EDUCATION
OF RIZAL
1872 - Ateneo Municipal de Manila:
• Rizal enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, a prestigious
Jesuit-run school, where he completed his elementary and secondary
education.
• He adopted the surname "Rizal" for the first time as part of the Anti-
Filipino sentiment during the time.
1877 - Bachelor of Arts at Ateneo:
• Rizal graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ateneo
Municipal de Manila.
1878 - University of Santo Tomas:
• He entered the University of Santo Tomas to study Philosophy and
Letters.
• Rizal was unhappy with the Spanish education system and clashed
with some of the professors, leading to his decision to study in
Europe.
JOSE RIZAL IN
EUROPE
• 1882: Rizal left the Philippines and traveled to Spain to study at the Universidad Central de
Madrid, beginning his European sojourn.
• 1883: Rizal transferred to the University of Heidelberg in Germany to continue his studies in
ophthalmology.
• 1885: He completed his specialization in ophthalmology in Heidelberg and worked at the
University Eye Hospital in Wilhemsfeld, Germany.
• 1886: Rizal moved to Paris, France, where he conducted further research on eye diseases at
the University of Paris and the University of Heidelberg.
• 1887: He went to Belgium, where he wrote his first novel, "Noli Me Tangere," and
completed it in Ghent.
• 1888: Rizal finished "Noli Me Tangere" in Ghent, Belgium, and published it in Berlin,
Germany.
• 1889: He continued his travels across Europe, studying different languages and cultures, and
observing the political and social conditions in various countries.
• 1890: Rizal spent time in London, England, while preparing the second edition of "Noli Me
Tangere" and working on other writings.
• 1891: He published his second novel, "El Filibusterismo," in Ghent, Belgium, which served
as a continuation of "Noli Me Tangere."
LA SOLIDARIDAD
La Solidaridad was a publication founded by Filipino expatriates in Spain in 1889, and it became a
platform for intellectual discourse on the social, political, and economic conditions of the Philippines.
Here are some of Rizal's notable contributions to La Solidaridad:
1. Articles and Essays:** Rizal wrote numerous articles, essays, and editorials for La Solidaridad under
various pen names such as Laong Laan, Dimas Alang, and Jose Rizal. His writings covered a wide
range of topics, including the abuses of the Spanish friars, the unequal treatment of Filipinos, the
need for educational reforms, and the call for representation in the Spanish Cortes (parliament).
2. "Filipinas dentro de cien años" (The Philippines a Century Hence):** In this famous essay
published in La Solidaridad in 1889, Rizal made predictions about the future of the Philippines. He
envisioned a Philippines free from colonial rule and pointed out the negative consequences of
Spanish oppression. Rizal's insights into the potential future of his homeland were both prescient and
influential.
3. Exposing Abuses:** Rizal used La Solidaridad as a platform to expose the abuses of the Spanish
friars and shed light on the unjust treatment of Filipinos. His writings helped to build awareness
among Filipinos and gain support for the cause of reform.
4. Rallying for Unity:** Rizal advocated for unity among Filipinos and emphasized the importance of
education and enlightenment in achieving national goals. He encouraged the Filipino elite to lead by
example and to work towards positive change within the existing legal and political framework.
LA LIGA FILIPINA
 On July 3, 1892, La Liga Filipina, a civic organization was
founded because of the growing discontent among Filipinos due to
issues such as abuse of power, corruption, and lack of presentation.
The goals of La Liga Filipina were outlined in its constitution,
which included the following objectives:
• Unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous,
and homogenous body.
• Mutual aid and protection for every need and want.
• Defense against all violence and injustice.
• Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.
• Study and application of reforms.
RIZAL IN DAPITAN
• Exile to Dapitan: In 1892, Jose Rizal, a Filipino nationalist and writer,
was exiled to Dapitan by the Spanish authorities. This was due to his
involvement in the reform movement against Spanish colonial rule in
the Philippines.
• Life in Dapitan: Rizal spent four years in Dapitan, from 1892 to 1896.
During this time, he lived a relatively quiet and peaceful life.
• Medical Practice: Rizal practiced medicine and provided healthcare
services to the local community, earning the respect and gratitude of
the people in Dapitan.
• Agricultural and Educational Initiatives: Rizal engaged in various
agricultural activities, such as farming and horticulture, to improve
the local economy. He also set up a school for young boys, teaching
various subjects and values to his students.
• Correspondence and Advocacy: Despite his exile, Rizal continued to
correspond with fellow Filipino reformists and continued advocating
for political reforms and education in the Philippines.
• Botanical Research: Rizal conducted botanical research during his
time in Dapitan, discovering and naming various plant species.
• Arrest and Trial: In 1896, Rizal was arrested by Spanish authorities on
charges of involvement in the Philippine Revolution. He was later
tried and executed in Manila, marking the end of his life in Dapitan.
• Legacy: Rizal's time in Dapitan demonstrated his commitment to
education, community service, and his dedication to the Philippine
cause for independence, which has made him a national hero in the
Philippines.
RETRACTION
OF RIZAL
 According to testimony by Father Balaguer, a Jesuit missionary who befriended
the hero during his exile in Dapitan, Rizal accepted a shorter retraction document
prepared by the superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, Father Pio Pi.

There were at least four texts of Rizal’s Retraction that have surfaced.
1. The first version of the text was published in La Voz Espanola and Diaro de
Manila on the very day of Rizal’s execution, Dec. 30, 1896.
2. The second text appeared in Barcelona, Spain, on February 14, 1897, in the
fortnightly magazine in La Juventud; it came from an anonymous writer who
revealed himself fourteen years later as Fr. Balaguer.
3. The third one that was said to be the “original text” was discovered in the
archdiocesan archives on May 18, 1935, after it disappeared for thirty-nine years
from the afternoon of the day when Rizal was shot.
4. The fourth text appeared in El Imparcial on the day after Rizal’s execution; it is
the short formula of the retraction.
 I declare myself a Catholic and in this Religion in which I was born and
educated I wish to live and die. I retract with all my heart whatever in my words,
writings, publications, and conduct has been contrary to my character as son of the
Catholic Church. I believe and I confess whatever she teaches, and I submit to
whatever she demands. I abominate Masonry, as the enemy which is of the Church,
and as a Society prohibited by the Church.
The Diocesan Prelate may, as the Superior Ecclesiastical Authority, make
public this spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which
my acts may have caused and so that God and people may pardon me.
The Chief of the Picket
Juan del Fresno
Adjutant of the Plaza
Eloy Moure (Guerrero 1971, 458–459)
The controversy surrounding Rizal's retraction centers on a document known as the "Retraction
Document" or "Formal Statement of Retraction," which suggests that Rizal had supposedly
renounced his writings against the Catholic Church. This document has led to speculation and
differing interpretations among historians. Some of the reasons often cited for Rizal's retraction
include:
1.Pressure and Threats: It is suggested that Rizal may have retracted his anti-Catholic writings
under pressure from Spanish authorities, particularly the friars. The Catholic Church had
significant influence in the Philippines during that time, and Rizal may have feared further
persecution or hoped to mitigate the potential harm to his family.
2.Desire to Save Family and Friends: Rizal might have retracted his writings to protect his
family and friends from reprisals by the Spanish authorities. By disavowing his controversial
views, he may have believed that he could spare his loved ones from additional suffering.
3.Hopes for a Pardon: Some argue that Rizal may have retracted his views with the hope that it
would influence the Spanish authorities to reconsider his case and grant him clemency. By
appeasing the Church and the colonial rulers, he might have believed he had a better chance of
receiving a more lenient sentence.
4.To Marry Josephine: Rizal desired to get married with Josephine Bracken.
Differences Between the Original Copy and the Copy of the Jesuits:
• First, instead of the words “mi cualidad” which appear in the original and the
newspaper texts, the Jesuits copies have “mi calidad”
• Second, the Jesuit’s copies of the retraction omit the word “catolica” after the
first “Iglesias” which are found in the original and newspapers text.
• Third, the Jesuit’s copies of the retraction add before the third “Iglesias” the
word “misma” which is not found in the original and the newspaper texts of
the retraction.
• Fourth, with regards to paragraphing which immediately strikes the eye of the
critical reader, Fr. Balaguer’s text does not begin the second paragraph.
• Fifth, whereas the texts of the retraction in the original and in the manila
newspapers have only four commas, the text of Fr. Balaguer’s copy has eleven
commas.
• Sixth, the most important of all, Fr. Balaguers copy did not have the names of
the witnesses from the texts of the newspapers in Manila.
 The date of the signature was clearly stated in the original Spanish
paper that Rizal allegedly signed. The year was 1890, and the date was
“December 29,1890”. Later, an allegedly genuine paper with the date
“December 29, 189C” emerged . The number “0” was clearly changed to
resemble the letter C. Then, later, another ostensibly original version
surfaced. The date is “December 29, 1896”. The “0” became a “6“ this
time.
Those who felt the Rizal Retraction paper was faked said that the
forger of Rizal’s signature was Roman Roque. Lazaro Segovia, they claim,
was the brains behind both Lacuna’s and Rizal’s signature forgeries.
During the closing days of the Filipino-American conflict, they were
contacted by Spanish friars who wanted to fake Rizal’s signature.