This document discusses noise reduction techniques and analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulation scheme over a Rician fading channel. It introduces noise reduction concepts and different types of noise like additive white Gaussian noise. It then analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulator and demodulator system through simulations in MATLAB, varying Rician channel parameters like K-factor and Doppler spread. The analysis finds that increasing line-of-sight power and K-factor improves performance while Doppler spread affects performance differently depending on the application. Optimization strategies are considered to mitigate fading channel impacts and improve system reliability.
This document discusses noise reduction techniques and analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulation scheme over a Rician fading channel. It introduces noise reduction concepts and different types of noise like additive white Gaussian noise. It then analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulator and demodulator system through simulations in MATLAB, varying Rician channel parameters like K-factor and Doppler spread. The analysis finds that increasing line-of-sight power and K-factor improves performance while Doppler spread affects performance differently depending on the application. Optimization strategies are considered to mitigate fading channel impacts and improve system reliability.
This document discusses noise reduction techniques and analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulation scheme over a Rician fading channel. It introduces noise reduction concepts and different types of noise like additive white Gaussian noise. It then analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulator and demodulator system through simulations in MATLAB, varying Rician channel parameters like K-factor and Doppler spread. The analysis finds that increasing line-of-sight power and K-factor improves performance while Doppler spread affects performance differently depending on the application. Optimization strategies are considered to mitigate fading channel impacts and improve system reliability.
This document discusses noise reduction techniques and analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulation scheme over a Rician fading channel. It introduces noise reduction concepts and different types of noise like additive white Gaussian noise. It then analyzes the performance of a 32-FSK modulator and demodulator system through simulations in MATLAB, varying Rician channel parameters like K-factor and Doppler spread. The analysis finds that increasing line-of-sight power and K-factor improves performance while Doppler spread affects performance differently depending on the application. Optimization strategies are considered to mitigate fading channel impacts and improve system reliability.
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Study on Noise reduction
Submitted To Submitted by Md Nayeem Hasan Md.Sharif Uddin Shajib Mallick Roll:06 Assistant Professor M.ENGG IN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Noise reduction Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal. Noise reduction techniques exist for audio and images. Noise
reduction algorithms may distort the signal to some degree. Noise rejection is the ability of a circuit to isolate an undesired signal
component from the desired signal component, as with common-mode rejection ratio.All signal processing devices,
both analog and digital, have traits that make them susceptible to noise. Noise can be random with an even frequency distribution
(white noise), or frequency-dependent noise introduced by a device's mechanism or signal processing algorithms.In electronic systems,
a major type of noise is hiss created by random electron motion due to thermal agitation. These agitated electrons rapidly add and
subtract from the output signal and thus create detectable noise.In the case of photographic film and magnetic tape, noise (both visible
and audible) is introduced due to the grain structure of the medium. In photographic film, the size of the grains in the film determines
the film's sensitivity, more sensitive film having larger-sized grains. In magnetic tape, the larger the grains of the magnetic particles
(usually ferric oxide or magnetite), the more prone the medium is to noise. To compensate for this, larger areas of film or magnetic
tape may be used to lower the noise to an acceptable level.
Different Types of Noise reduction System The basis of modern communication is elimination of unwanted irregular fluctuations that accompany a transmitted signal but
are not part of it, also called noise. The noise tends to obscure important or useful information. Thus, the reduction of signal
corruption caused due to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) ,becomes very important in order to establish best
transmission of signals. Hence, it is essential to reduce this noise and also recognize the best techniques. And Rician fading
This analysis between three popular noise reduction techniques that are used to filter signals for any distortions that may occur.
The analysis of the filter is performed using MATLAB which has the ability to easily simulate filters using the in-build
functions. The lists three different methods to eliminate the effects of noise in signals. The three methods employed make use
of the discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) technique, Gaussian filter method, and least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The
final results are drawn based on the correlation coefficient as well as the bit error rate of the original and the filtered signal, and
final analysis is drawn.
Gaussian noise (AWGN) The probability distribution of the noise samples is Gaussian with a zero mean, i.e., in time domain, the samples can acquire
both positive and negative values and in addition, the values close to zero have a higher chance of occurrence while the values
far away from zero are less likely to appear. This is shown in the figure below. As a result, the time domain average of a large
number of noise samples is equal to zero.
• In reality, the ideal flat spectrum from −∞−∞ to +∞+∞ is true for frequencies of interest in wireless communications (a few
kHz to hundreds of GHz) but not for higher frequencies. Nevertheless, every wireless communication system involves
filtering that removes most of the noise energy outside the spectral band occupied by our desired signal. Consequently, after
filtering, it is not possible to distinguish whether the spectrum was ideally flat or partially flat outside the band of interest.
To help in mathematical analysis of the underlying waveforms resulting in closed-form expressions — a holy grail of
communication theory — it can be assumed to be flat before filtering.
• For a discrete signal with sampling rate FS, the sampling theorem dictates that the bandwidth of a signal is constrained by a
lowpass filter within the range ±FS/2±/2 to avoid aliasing. For the purpose of calculations, this filter is an ideal lowpass filter
with
H(F)={1−FS/2<F<+FS/20 elsewhere Rician fading
• Rician fading or Ricean fading is a stochastic model for radio propagation anomaly caused by partial cancellation of a radio signal by itself — the signal arrives at the receiver by several different paths (hence exhibiting multipath interference), and at least one of the paths is changing (lengthening or shortening). Rician fading occurs when one of the paths, typically a line of sight signal or some strong reflection signals, is much stronger than the others. In Rician fading, the amplitude gain is characterized by a Rician distribution.
• Rayleigh fading is sometimes considered a special case of Rician fading for when there is no line of sight signal. In such a case, the Rician distribution, which describes the amplitude gain in Rician fading, reduces to a Rayleigh distribution. Rician fading itself is a special case of two-wave with diffuse power (TWDP) fading. A Rician fading channel can be described by two parameters.[1] The first one, , is the ratio between the power in the direct path and the power in the other, scattered, paths
The second one, Ω, is the total power from both paths, and acts as a scaling factor to the distribution
The received signal amplitude (not the received signal power) is then Rice distributed with the following parameters The resulting Probability density function is:
Performance Analysis of 32-FSK Modulator and Demodulator Over Rician Fading Channel by Varying Channel Parameters A comprehensive performance of a 32-FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) modulator and demodulator system
working over a Rician fading channel is thoroughly examined in this research. Using the MATLAB Simulink
communication block-set, the study examines the system's behavior under various channel parameters, such as
the Rician K-factor, Maximum Diffuse Doppler Shift, and Delay Vector. giving useful information on its
dependability and resilience in real-world communication circumstances. These findings enhance the design and
implementation of wireless communication systems by offering useful insights into boosting the performance of
32-FSK modulation schemes in Rician fading channels.
This paper focuses on a thorough examination of the performance of a 32-FSK modulator and demodulator over
a Rician fading channel. By changing the carrier signal's frequency, the 32-FSK modulation technique enables
the transmission of several bits per symbol. The effect on the bit error rate is assessed by looking into several
Rician fading channel characteristics, such as the Rician K-factor, Maximum Diffuse Doppler Shift, and Delay
Vector. The MATLAB Simulink communication blockset, which provides a potent framework for modeling
wireless communication networks, is used in the study. The performance of the 32-FSK modulation scheme is
compared to the Rician fading channel characteristics through comprehensive simulations and analysis. The
outcomes of this study's investigation will aid in the creation and implementation of systems that use wireless
communication, allowing for better system design, greater performance, and increased reliability. Block diagram an Analysis of 32-FSK Modulator and Demodulator Over Rician Fading Channel by Varying Channel Parameters A simulation environment is established using MATLAB to model the communication system. A Rician fading channel model
is implemented with parameters such as LOS power, K-factor, and Doppler spread. Multipath fading is simulated using
appropriate statistical distributions. The 32-FSK modulation scheme is designed, mapping data symbols to different
frequencies. Pulse shaping, such as Gaussian shaping, is applied to control spectral characteristics. A demodulator is created to
detect and decode received signals. Techniques like matched filtering and SNR-based symbol decision are employed. Key
performance metrics, including Bit Error Rate (BER) or Symbol Error Rate (SER), are collected. Channel parameters,
including LOS power, K-factor, and Doppler spread, are systematically varied. Based on the bit error rate (BER), the 32-FSK
modulator and demodulator system's performance is assessed. By contrasting the transmitted and received data, the BER is
determined . The analysis reveals the following key findings:
• As the LOS power increases, system performance improves due to a stronger line-of-sight component.
• The K-factor significantly impacts system reliability, with higher values leading to improved performance.
• Doppler spread affects system performance differently depending on the specific application; lower Doppler spreads may be beneficial for certain scenarios.
Optimization:
• Based on the analysis, optimization strategies are considered, including adjusting modulation parameters, employing error correction coding, and signal processing enhancements to mitigate the impact of fading channels and improve system performance. Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive performance analysis of a 32-FSK modulator and demodulator system
over a Rician fading channel, showcasing the effects of varying channel parameters. The insights gained from
this analysis can guide the design and optimization of communication systems to enhance reliability and
robustness in real-world fading channel environments and noise reduction system
