ALKENES
ALKYNES
Alkenes
› Hydrocarbons that contains carbon-
carbon double bond.
› Two Hydrogen atoms fewer
than alkanes.
› Use:
› Alcohols
› Anesthesia
› Oral injectables
› Diazepam
› lorazepam
Formula:
𝐶𝑛𝐻2𝑛
Nomenclature
Step 1: Count the number of Carbon Step 2: After locating and writing the
Atoms and locate the prefix, just add “ene” after it.
corresponding prefix as shown
below.
No. of No. of
-ene
Prefix Prefix
Carbon carbon
1 meth- 6 hex-
2 eth- 7 hept-
3 prop- 8 oct-
4 but- 9 non-
5 pent- 10 dec-
Example: Prop + ene = Propene
Hex + ene = Hexene
we say, there are 5 Carbon molecule.
Alkenes
𝐶𝑛 𝐻2𝑛
Use the formula to:
- identify the formula of the hydrocarbon;
- identify how many Hydrogen atoms ;
- identify the name of the hydrocarbon; and
- write the structural and molecular formula.
𝐶𝑛𝐻2𝑛
----------------------------------------------------------- Structural Formula
𝐶5𝐻2(5) 3
4
5
H H H
𝐶5𝐻10 Formula 2H 1 2 3
H 64 5
7
C C C C H
1H C
𝐶5𝐻10 10
H 9
H 8
H
Carbon = 5 Molecular Formula
Hydrogen = 10
H2C – CH – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
Name: Pentene
IUPAC System of
Naming
“International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry”
The goal of the system is to give each structure a unique and
unambiguous name, and to correlate each name with a unique and
unambiguous name
IUPAC System of
Naming
“International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry”
IUPAC System of
Naming
“International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry”
IUPAC System of
Naming
“International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry”
• Compounds with two double bonds are named as dienes by changing the “-ane”
ending of the parent alkane to the suffix “-adiene”.
• Compounds with three double bonds are named as trienes, and so forth.
CycloAlkenes
› A closed ring of carbon atoms, but has no aromatic character.
› One or more double bonded carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure
Nomenclature
• In naming cycloalkenes, the double bond is located between C1 and C2, and the
“1” is usually omitted in the name.
• The ring is numbered clockwise or counterclockwise to give the first substituent
the lower number.
Alkynes
› Hydrocarbons that contains carbon-
carbon triple bond
› Generally hydrophobic
› Use:
› contraceptive noretynodrel
› Antiretroviral EFAVIRENZ
› Antifungal TERBINAFINE
Formula:
𝐶𝑛𝐻2𝑛−2
Nomenclature
Step 1: Count the number of Carbon Step 2: After locating and writing the
Atoms and locate the prefix, just add “yne” after it.
corresponding prefix as shown
below.
No. of No. of
-yne
Prefix Prefix
Carbon carbon
1 meth- 6 hex-
2 eth- 7 hept-
3 prop- 8 oct-
4 but- 9 non-
5 pent- 10 dec-
Example: Prop + yne = Propyne
Hex + yne = Hexyne
we say, there are 5 Carbon molecule.
Alkynes
𝐶𝑛 𝐻
Use the formula to:
- identify the formula of the hydrocarbon;
- identify how many Hydrogen atoms ;
- identify the name of the hydrocarbon; and
2𝑛 −2 - write the structural and molecular formula.
𝐶𝑛𝐻2𝑛−2
----------------------------------------------------------- Structural Formula
𝐶5𝐻2 5 −2 2 3 4
𝐶5𝐻10−2 Formula H H H
𝐶5𝐻8 1H
C 2 C 35C 4C C
1 5
H
6
8H 7H H
Carbon = 5 Molecular Formula
Hydrogen = 8
HC – C – CH2 – CH2 – CH3
Name: Pentyne
IUPAC System of
Naming
“International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry”
• Alkynes are named in the same general way that alkenes are named.
• In the IUPAC system, change the –ane ending of the parent alkane
name to the suffix –yne.
• Choose the longest continuous chain that contains both atoms of the
triple bond and number the chain to give the triple bond the lower
number.
IUPAC System of
Naming
• Compounds with two triple bonds are named as diynes, those with
“International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry”
three are named as triynes and so forth.
• Compounds with both a double and triple bond are named as
enynes.
• The chain is numbered to give the first site of unsaturation (either
C=C
or CC) the lower number.
