The heating effect of electric current is used in many electrical appliances like irons, kettles, and hair dryers. When electric current passes through a wire, the wire heats up due to its resistance. The greater the resistance of the wire, the greater the heat produced. For a kettle, copper wire should be used for the external wire as it has low resistance and produces less heat, while nichrome wire should be used for the heating element as it has high resistance and produces a lot of heat needed for boiling water.
The heating effect of electric current is used in many electrical appliances like irons, kettles, and hair dryers. When electric current passes through a wire, the wire heats up due to its resistance. The greater the resistance of the wire, the greater the heat produced. For a kettle, copper wire should be used for the external wire as it has low resistance and produces less heat, while nichrome wire should be used for the heating element as it has high resistance and produces a lot of heat needed for boiling water.
The heating effect of electric current is used in many electrical appliances like irons, kettles, and hair dryers. When electric current passes through a wire, the wire heats up due to its resistance. The greater the resistance of the wire, the greater the heat produced. For a kettle, copper wire should be used for the external wire as it has low resistance and produces less heat, while nichrome wire should be used for the heating element as it has high resistance and produces a lot of heat needed for boiling water.
The heating effect of electric current is used in many electrical appliances like irons, kettles, and hair dryers. When electric current passes through a wire, the wire heats up due to its resistance. The greater the resistance of the wire, the greater the heat produced. For a kettle, copper wire should be used for the external wire as it has low resistance and produces less heat, while nichrome wire should be used for the heating element as it has high resistance and produces a lot of heat needed for boiling water.
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Volume B Chapter 18
Electricity What we will Learn… • What is a current? • How to draw electric circuit diagrams • What is potential difference, voltage and E.M.F? • What is resistance? • S/E: Circuits arranged in series versus parallel
• S/E: Fixed resistors versus variable resistors
• Effects of electric current What i s Electricity???
Definition:
Electricity is a form of energy that can
be easily changed to other forms. Where does Electricity come from? Mainly 2 sources: 1) Power Stations - Supply a lot of electricity - Used in many electrical appliances 2) Electric Cells (batteries) - Supply a little electricity - Portable - Safe H o w d o e s an E l e c t r i c a l A p p l i a n c e Wo r k ? • To make an electrical appliance work, electricity must flow through it. • The flow of electricity is called an electric current. • The path along which the electric current moves is called the electric circuit. What i s an E l e c t r i c Cu r r e n t ??? electric cell connecting wire
filament
flow of electrons
Definition:
An electric current is the rate of flow of electric
charges in a circuit. Electric Charges • Electric charges are made up of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons).
• When these charges flow in a circuit, a
current is produced. How does electricity flow? • The battery in a circuit gives energy to the electrons and pushes them around a circuit, from the negative terminal of the cell, round the circuit and back to the positive terminal of the cell. How to Measure Current? • The SI unit for electric current is ampere (A). • Smaller currents are measured in milliamperes (mA). 1 A = 1,000 mA
1 mA = 0.001 A
• Different electrical components and
appliances require different sizes of current to turn them on. Instrument to Measure Current • An ammeter is an instrument used for measuring electric current. Ammeter • It must be connected in series in the circuit.
• Positive side of ammeter must be connected
nearest to the positive terminal of the battery (electric cell), and vice versa. Electric Circuits • Electric circuits are connecting wires made up of electrical components electric cell
• These components must be joined together without any gap in between to light bulb circuit board form a closed circuit. Note: Components refer to the light bulb, wires, battery Electric Circuits • Incomplete circuits are called open circuits.
connecting wire is no source of
missing electrical energy
Both the circuits in the diagram are incomplete, hence they are known as “open circuits”. An e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t fl o w s o n l y when t h e r e is: • a source of electrical energy and
• a closed circuit connecting wires
electric cell
light bulb circuit board
How to draw Circuit Diagrams Component Symbol Component Symbol
+ An electric cell Battery
Switch (open)
Light bulb (lamp) Switch Switch (closed)
Connecting wires Connecting wires
(not joined) (joined)
Symbols are used to represent the various electrical
components in circuits. E x a m p l e s o f c i r c u i t d i a g ra m s : Switches A switch is used to open or close a circuit.
Main s w i t c h used in b u i l d i n g s
S w i t c h e s used on c i r c u i t Ci rc u i t d i a g r a m s f o r open and c l o s e d circuits
Open circuit. C l o s e circuit.
Bulb does not Bulb w i l l light l i g h t up up when t h e when t h e s w i t c h is Which is b r i g h t e r ? 1.5 V D r y C e l l
12 V C a r B a tt e r y 9 V Dry Cell o s i ti ve
el e c t r ic What we will Learn… • What is a c u r r e n t ? • How t o d r a w e l e c t r i c circuit diagrams Heati ng E ff e c t o f • E l e c t r i c C u r r e n t When an e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t fl o w s t h r o u g h a w i r e , t h e w i r e h e a t s up. E l e c t r i c a l e n e r g y h a s been c o n v e r t e d i n t o h e a t e n e rg y .
• The g r e a t e r t h e r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e w i r e , t h e g r e a t e r t h e a m o u n t o f h e at p r o d u c e d . This heati ng e ff e c t is us e d in common e l e c t r i c a l appliances.
Iron Kettle Hair Dryer
A kettle uses both copper and nichrome wires. Copper has low resistance while nichrome has high resistance. Which material, copper or nichrome, should be used for the heating element, and for the external wire?
Use copper wire
for the external wire as it has low resistance & produces less heat
Use nichrome wire for the heating
element as it has high resistance& produces a lot of heat Heati ng E ff e c t o f Electric Current ARGON ( i n e r t / u n r e a c ti v e ga s ) filament wire produces heat and light
In a l i g h t b u l b , t h e h e ate d fi l a m e n t whic h is a l s o a resistance wire, becomes s o hot that l i g h t is a l s o e m i tt e d .
