Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic energy that are used for communication and in microwave ovens. [1] Microwave ovens work by exciting polar molecules in food using microwave energy, generating thermal energy through dielectric heating. [2] They were accidentally invented in the 1940s when an engineer discovered that microwaves could quickly melt a candy bar. [3]
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic energy that are used for communication and in microwave ovens. [1] Microwave ovens work by exciting polar molecules in food using microwave energy, generating thermal energy through dielectric heating. [2] They were accidentally invented in the 1940s when an engineer discovered that microwaves could quickly melt a candy bar. [3]
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic energy that are used for communication and in microwave ovens. [1] Microwave ovens work by exciting polar molecules in food using microwave energy, generating thermal energy through dielectric heating. [2] They were accidentally invented in the 1940s when an engineer discovered that microwaves could quickly melt a candy bar. [3]
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic energy that are used for communication and in microwave ovens. [1] Microwave ovens work by exciting polar molecules in food using microwave energy, generating thermal energy through dielectric heating. [2] They were accidentally invented in the 1940s when an engineer discovered that microwaves could quickly melt a candy bar. [3]
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MICROWAVE OVEN
What are Microwaves?
1. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic energy, like light
waves or radio waves
2. Microwaves are used extensively in communications such as to
relay long-distance telephone signals, television programs and computer information across the earth or to a satellite in space.
3. Good for transmitting information because it can penetrate light
rain and snow, clouds, and smoke.
4. Also used in radars and in detecting speeding cars.
5. Microwave has become most familiar as the energy source for
cooking food. 800-900 MHz 50-600MHz Band Name Frequency Range Common Application Very Low 3 KHz----------------------------------------- 30 VLF Frequency KHz Electronic Toys & Equipments LF/ Low Frequency/ 30 KHz---------------------------------------300 LW Long Wave KHz Commercial Radio Broadcast Medium MF/ Frequency/ 300 Khz-----------------------------------------3 MW Medium Wave Mhz Commercial Radio Broadcast HF/ High Frequency/ 3 MHz-----------------------------------------30 Commercial Radio Broadcast & SW Short Wave MHz Walky Talkies Very High 30 Mhz---------------------------------------300 Commercial TV, Radio Broadcast VHF Frequency MHz & Cordless Phones Ultra High 300 MHz----------------------------------------3 Commercial TV Broadcast & UHF Frequency GHz Microwave Oven Super High 3 GHz------------------------------------------30 RADAR, Satellite TV SHF Frequency GHz Transmission Extremely High 30 GHz---------------------------------------300 EHF Frequency GHz Merchant Navy & Space Stations
Microwaves are usually represented in GHz
Applications of Microwaves Name Application
1. Imaging
2. Satellite Communication
3. Communication Tower
4. Remote
5. MICROWAVE OVEN Three Basic Properties of Microwaves
1. Microwaves can pass through Glass, Paper,
Plastic & Organic materials.
2. Microwaves are reflected by metal surfaces.
3. Microwaves penetrate and are absorbed by some substances
like fats, sugar, water molecules History
• Invented accidentally by Dr. Percy LeBaron Spencer
• While testing a magnetron during work, he discovered the candy bar in his pocket melted • Experimented with other food products (popcorn and eggs), and realized microwaves can cook foods quickly • At 1947, 1st commercial microwave oven produced (called Radarange) – Mostly used by restaurants, railroad cars, ocean liners and military • Improvement and refinements made ~ by 1967, 1st domestic microwave oven produced MICROWAVE OVEN A microwave oven (commonly referred to as a microwave) is a kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range. This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating. Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform in the outer 25–38 mm (1–1.5 inches) of a homogeneous, high water content food item; food is more evenly heated throughout than generally occurs in other cooking techniques. How the Microwave Oven Works
A. A microwave source this is
usually a magnetron which generates microwaves and directs them from an antenna into a transmission device or an oven cavity
B. Transmission device this is usually a waveguide which acts as a
chute through which the microwaves are directed into the oven cavity
C. Distribution device this is usually a fan-like device called a stirrer
which spreads the microwaves in a random pattern to assure even distribution of the microwaves into the oven cavity. D. Oven cavity a resonant chamber into which food is placed for thawing, heating, or cooking
E. Interlock system Primary and secondary safety devices on
a microwave oven door to assure that microwave transmission will stop immediately when the door is opened Major Parts and its Functions
Magnetron The magnetron is a device for producing microwave radiation from electricity. A variation on this device, called the cavity magnetron is usually used as the microwave energy source in your microwave oven. It can also be used as the microwave source in a pulsed radar.
High voltage transformer
It is the "muscle" of the microwave oven. With an input of 120 VAC (or 240 VAC in many commercial models) applied to the primary winding, the high-voltage transformer (also referred to as power or plate transformer) steps up that primary voltage to a very high voltage. This high voltage is then boosted even higher by the voltage- doubling action of the capacitor and diode. Fuse It is a wire, bar, or strip of fusible metal inserted for safety in an electric circuit. When the current increases beyond a certain safe strength, the metal melts, interrupting the circuit and thereby preventing possibility of damage.
High voltage diode
It is a high voltage diode has a lamellar structured body of semiconductor material. The lamellar structure is produced by the thermal gradient zone melting process method of migrating metal "wires" through the body to form a plurality of spaced regions of conductivity opposite to that of the body.
Oven lamp It is a lamp which indicates that the unit has a power. Switch Micro/Latch switch These switches are activated by the opening or closing of the oven door to assure that microwave generation does not start until the door is properly closed and stops the moment the door is opened.
Power Cord Line cord or main cable is an electrical cable that temporarily connects appliances to the main electricity supply via a wall socket/convenience outlet.
Turntable Motor A motor that drives a fan which directs air around the vanes of the magnetron to help keep it cool and also direct some air through the oven cavity to remove steam and vapors from cooking food High voltage capacitor A device capable of storing and discharging electricity INTERLOCK SWITCH HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
SECONDARY FILAMENT Microwave ovens contain a very powerful high voltage transformer (MOT = microwave oven transformer).
A typical output voltage is 2kVeff, at around
1000W power.
Transformer from microwave oven. Primary
winding (lower, thick wire) 230V, secondary winding (upper, thin wire) 2kV. 1. Measure the resistance. (Ohm-meter scale: Rx1 and Rx100)
Filament winding to ground Normal: Infinite MAGNETRON A microwave oven consists of:
a cavity magnetron, which converts high-voltage
electric energy to microwave radiation. 1. Measure the resistance. (Ohm-meter scale: Rx1)
Filament terminal Normal: Less than 1 ohm
2. Measure the resistance.
(Ohm-meter scale: Rx1000)
Filament to chassis Normal: Infinite
HIGH VOLTAGE CAPACITOR 1. Measure the resistance. (Ohm-meter scale: Rx1000)
Terminal to terminal Normal: Momentarily indicates several
ohms, and then gradually returns to infinite.
2. Measure the resistance.
(Ohm-meter scale: Rx1000)
Terminal to case Normal: Infinite
HIGH VOLTAGE DIODE 1. Measure the continuity (Forward) (Ohm-meter scale: Rx10000)
Normal: Continuity Abnormal: Infinite
2. Measure the continuity (Reverse)
(Ohm-meter scale: Rx10000)
Normal: Infinite Abnormal: Continuity combination
HIGH VOLTAGE DIODE and capacitor
creates
voltage doubler circuit
FAN MOTOR Measure the resistance. (Ohm-meter scale: R x 100)
Normal: Approx. 14~21 ohm
Abnormal: Infinite / several K- ohm STIRRER/TURN TABLE MOTOR Measure the resistance. (Ohm-meter scale: R x 1000)
Normal: Approx. 3~3.5 kohm
Abnormal: Infinite or several ohm. Bell and Timers Thermal Fuses
Often found near the magnetron. They are used to break the circuit from the mains if the magnetron overheats... Fuses Unlike other appliances, the microwave oven is high- voltage and high-current equipment. Though it is free from danger in ordinary use, extreme care should be taken during repair.
NEVER TOUCH any oven components or wiring during
operation.
BEFORE TOUCHING any parts of the oven, always remove the
power plug from the outlet.
For about 30 seconds after the oven stops, an electric charge
remains in the high voltage capacitor. When replacing or checking, you must discharge the high voltage capacitor by shorting across the two terminals with an insulated screwdriver. CAUTIONS:
Check grounding before checking for trouble.
Be careful of the high voltage circuit. Discharge the high voltage capacitor.
When checking the continuity of the switches or of the high
voltage transformer, disconnect one lead wire from these parts and then check continuity with the AC plug removed. To do otherwise may result in a false reading or damage to your meter.
Do not touch any part of the circuit on the PCB since static electric discharge may damage this control panel.
Always touch yourself to ground while working on this panel to
discharge any static charge built up in your body.
