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Benign Anorectal Conditions

This document summarizes benign anal conditions, including neoplastic polyps, inflammatory infections like viruses and bacteria that can cause abscesses or fistulas, and traumatic injuries that can cause fissures or ulcers. It discusses the anatomy of the anal region and pathological conditions like fistulas, abscesses, anal fissures, and hemorrhoids. Symptoms, signs, investigations, and treatment options are described depending on the specific condition. The examination involves inspection, palpation, and digital rectal examination to evaluate abnormalities.

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22 views40 pages

Benign Anorectal Conditions

This document summarizes benign anal conditions, including neoplastic polyps, inflammatory infections like viruses and bacteria that can cause abscesses or fistulas, and traumatic injuries that can cause fissures or ulcers. It discusses the anatomy of the anal region and pathological conditions like fistulas, abscesses, anal fissures, and hemorrhoids. Symptoms, signs, investigations, and treatment options are described depending on the specific condition. The examination involves inspection, palpation, and digital rectal examination to evaluate abnormalities.

Uploaded by

magesa.lazaro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Non-Malignant(benign)

anal conditions
PROF.MCHEMBE
Benign conditions of the anal area
1. Neoplastic – benign = polyps
2. Inflammatory – infections = viral, fungal, bacteria and parasites abscesses, fistula, ulcers,
warts
3. Traumatic – Fissure, ulcers
4. Metabolic disorders – Congenital inherited or Acquired
5. Idiopathic – Fissures, venous anomalies- haemorrhoids
Background of the GIT
Anal and rectal region
The Anus and its surrounding structures
Anus and Rectum measurements
Arterial blood supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic Drainage
Pathological conditions (Benign)-
Fistulae
Abscesses
Anal Fissure
Anal warts -Pathogenesis
Vascular anomalies –Haemorrhoids-
Normal
Haemorroids
Haemorrhoids- Grades
1. Grade I, II, III, and IV
2. Can complicate to thrombosis- Thrombosed haemorrhoids
Symptoms/presentation (History taking)
◦ Peri-anal discharging sinus – pus/blood/faecal material
◦ Painless bleeding during defaecation
◦ Perianal itching
◦ Mass protruding per anus during defaecation
◦ History of peri-anal abscess
◦ Recurrent perianal swelling associated with fever and discharge
◦ History of anal surgery
◦ Social history- homosexual/ anal sex
◦ Immunosuppression
◦ Diabetes
Signs (Examination findings)
General examination
Systemic examination (Specific) – Abdominal – DRE
◦ Principles:- 1. Positioning 2. Exposure
Then - Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation
PALPATION
DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION
Requirements
Digital rectal examination
Principles:- 1. Positions 2. Exposure 3. Personal preparation/requirements
◦ Then: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation
INVESTIGATIONS
◦ Depending on the type of condition
◦ DRE- fissure or haemorrhoids
◦ Proctosigmoidoscopy
◦ Fistulogram
◦ Colonoscopy
These are SPECIFIC

Others:- General:- Haematological


Biochemical
Immunological
TREATMENT
Options depends on the condition
◦ Fissure
◦ Fistula
◦ Warts
◦ Haemorrhoids
THANKS

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