Intellectual Disability
Prepared
Prepared by:
by: Group
Group 55
Presenters:
Taganna, Beverly Dela Cruz, Avy Jane
Babor, Emely
Judith Iglesia, M.
Marcaida, Michaella
Hermosa, JV, C.
Solayao, Donna
Nazareno , Enrico
Martinez, Irene Mae Ronquillo, Maria Lourdes
Find the common causes of intellectual disability.
BIRTH DEFECTS
BIRTH DEFECTS
DOWN SYNDROME
infections
What is Intellectual Disability?
● is a term used when there are limits to a person’s
ability to learn at an expected level and function in
daily life.
● Intellectual disability can be caused by a problem
that starts any time before a child turns 18 years
old – even before birth.
Someone
Someone with
with intellectual
intellectual disability
disability has
has limitations
limitations in
in two
two areas.
areas. These
These
areas
areas are:
are:
Intellectual
Intellectual functioning
functioning
-Also
-Also known
known as
as IQ,
IQ, this
this refers
refers to
to aa person’s
person’s ability
ability
to
to learn,
learn, reason,
reason, make
make decisions,
decisions, and
and solve
solve problems.
problems.
Adaptive
Adaptive functioning/behaviour
functioning/behaviour
-These
-These are
are skills
skills necessary
necessary for
for day-to-day
day-to-day life,
life, such
such
as
as being
being able
able to
to communicate
communicate effectively,
effectively, interact
interact with
with
others,
others, and
and take
take care
care of
of oneself.
oneself.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-5) identifies three domains of adaptive
functioning:
1. Conceptual skills
2. Social Skills
3. Practical skills
What
What are
are some
some of
of the
the Signs
Signs of
of Intellectual
Intellectual Disability?
Disability?
Usually, the more severe the degree of
intellectual disability, the earlier the signs can
be noticed. However, it might still be hard to
tell how young children will be affected later in
life.
Intellectual Disability in Children
There are many signs of intellectual disability. For example, children with intellectual
disability may:
● sit up, crawl, or walk later than other
children
● learn to talk later, or have trouble
speaking
● find it hard to remember things
● have trouble understanding social rules
● have trouble seeing the results of their
actions
● have trouble solving problems
Kids
Kids with
with intellectual
intellectual disabilities
disabilities may
may have
have
impairments
impairments in:
in:
● Reasoning ● Planning
● Abstract thought ● Judgment
● Academic ● Experiential
judgment learning
Mental
Mental health
health professionals
professionals
What causes Intellectual Disability?
● trauma before birth, such as an infection or exposure to alcohol, drugs, or
other toxins
● trauma during birth, such as oxygen deprivation or premature delivery
● inherited disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) or Tay-Sachs disease
● chromosome abnormalities, such as Down syndrome
● lead or mercury poisoning
● severe malnutrition or other dietary issues
● severe cases of early childhood illness, such as whooping cough, measles, or
meningitis
● brain injury
Treatment Options for Intellectual Disability
● Counseling
● Get a service plan that describes your
child needs.
● an Individualized Education Program
(IEP) will be put in place to help them
with their educational needs.
● The federal Individuals with
Disabilities Act (IDEA) requires that
public schools provide free and
appropriate education to children with
ID and other developmental
disabilities.
The
The main
main goal
goal of
of treatment
treatment is
is to
to help
help your
your child
child reach
reach their
their full
full potential
potential in
in terms
terms of:
of:
● education
● social skills
● life skills
Treatment may include:
● behaviour therapy
● occupational therapy
● counselling
● medication, in some
cases
What is the long-term outlook?
When ID occurs with other serious physical problems, your child
may have a below-
average life expectancy. However, if your child has mild to moderate
ID, they will probably have a fairly normal life expectancy.
When your child grows up, they may be able to work a job that
complements their level of ID, live independently, and support
themselves.
Support services are available to help adults with ID live independent
and fulfilling lives.
Levels of Support for Children with Intellectual
Disabilities
Intermittent support – people with mild intellectual disability
Limited support – people with moderate intellectual disability
Extensive support – people with severe intellectual disability.
Pervasive support – people with profound intellectual disability
Thanks for
participating and
listening
Do you have any questions?
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