Plant-Taxonomy PPT Final

Plant Taxonomy
Division Of Plants Based On Photosynthesis Ability

Plant Taxonomy
The art of solving the mysteries of the plant kingdom is
known as plant taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is the science of
classifying and naming plants. It is a branch of what is known as
systematics, which is the science of determining how different
biological organisms are related to each other. Taxonomy classifies
plants and other organisms into different taxonomic levels.
These different
levels are as follows:
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class/Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
Kingdom
A taxonomic category of the highest rank. Different
organisms are grouped together through the presence of certain
common fundamental characteristics. Examples include animals,
plants and fungi.
Phylum
A phylum is a taxonomic level that sits below kingdom but
above class. There are 12 different recognised plant phyla. The
bryophyta include mosses and liverworts, and are characterised by a
lack of true roots and stems. Angiosperms meanwhile have flowers,
roots and stems, reproducing by means of seeds.
Class/Order
The ‘class’ as a level of taxonomic classification was
first introduced by French botanist Joseph Pitton de
Tournefort in 1684. It sits below phyla and above order.
Order comes next below in the taxonomic ranking.
Family
Plants are grouped by taxonomists into families, where
plants grouped together have many common characteristics. Plant
family names are easily recognised by starting with a capital letter
and ending with ‘…ceae’. For example, the plant
genera Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron form part of
the Proteaceae family.
Genus
The genus forms the first part of the binomial scientific
name of a plant. It always appears in Italics and should be
capitalised. Examples include the
genera Gladiolus and Plectranthus.
Species, Subspecies, & Variant
Genera comprise groups of different species that share certain
common characteristics and are closely genetically related. A species
is an interbreeding group of individuals that are capable of producing
fertile offspring that can reproduce themselves. The term ‘subspecies’
and ‘variant’ are used to reflect variation within a species. Plant
species/subspecies/variants are assigned binomial scientific names
that appear in Italics, first beginning with the genus and then the
species, which always appears in lower case, for
example, Leucospermum prostratum.
Division of Plants Based on
Photosynthesis Ability
Kingdom Plantae
These are Eukaryotic, Multicellular organisms with a cell wall
that is made up of cellulose. They are autotrophs and synthesize their
own food through the process of photosynthesis. This kingdom
includes all plants.
Characteristics features of Kingdom Plantae
1. They have special organelles called chloroplasts.
2. They are autuotrophic.
3. Reproduction can be asexual and sexual.
4. They show alternation of generation.
Based on the body differentiation and presence or
absence of specialized vascular tissue, Kingdom Plantae
is divided into different divisions, namely Thallophyta,
Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, and Phanerogamae
(Gymnosperms & Angiosperms). Examples
are Spirogyra, Ferns, Pines, and Mango Plant etc.
Division Thallophyta
These are the lowermost plants of
the plant kingdom, without a well-
differentiated body design. This
means that the plant body is not
differentiated as roots, stem, and
leaves. They are commonly called
algae, are permanently aquatic.
Examples include Spirogyra,
Chara, and Ulothrix.
Division Bryophyta
These are small terrestrial plants.
They show differentiation in the
body design, with stem,
leaf-like structures, and root-like
structures. But, they do not have
any specialized tissue to conduct
water and other substances. They
live in damp and sandy habitats
and are often referred to as the
amphibians of the plant kingdom.
Examples are Riccia, Funaria, and
Marchantia
Division Pteridophyta
These are supposed to be the oldest
vascular plants. The plant body is
differentiated into roots, stem, and
leaves, apart from having a
specialized tissue for conduction.
This tissue helps in the conduction
of water and other substances from
part of the plant to the other. These
plants have naked embryos called
spores. The reproductive organs in
these plants are inconspicuous.
Examples: Marselia, Ferns
Division
Phanarogamae
Phanerogams are seed-bearing
plants. The plant body is well
differentiated with stem, leaves,
and roots. There are well
differentiated reproductive tissues
that produce seeds. These plants
also have a well-developed
vascular system. Depending on
whether the seeds produced are
naked or whether they are
enclosed, phanerogams are further
classified into two subdivisions.
They are Gymnosperms and
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are plants with
naked seeds. There are about 650
living species of gymnosperm
plants. The plants are usually
perineal, evergreen and woody.
They have a well-developed
vascular tissue but do not have
vessels. The reproductive organs
generally form cones or strobilus.
There is no fruit formation and the
seeds are hence said to be naked.
Examples: Cycas, Pinus, Deodar
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are seed-bearing
plants. Seeds develop inside
tissues that get modified to form
the fruit of the plant. Also called
the flowering plants, they are
found abundantly in nature. These
plants are usually terrestrial and
they may be annual, biennial or
perennial. The vascular system is
very well developed with xylem
and phloem. Angiosperms also
show the feature of double
fertilization. Examples: Mustard
plant, Pea plant.
Continuation:
On the basis of the cotyledons
(seed leaves) Angiosperms are
further divided into
Monocotyledonous plants and
Dicotyledonous plants. Monocots
have seeds with single seed leaf,
having vascular bundles arranged
in a complex manner. Dicots, on
the other hand, have two
cotyledons. The vascular bundle is
arranged in a ring.
References
https://botanicalsociety.org.za/the-science-of-names-an-introduction-to-plant-taxonomy/#:~:text=Plant
%20taxonomy%20is%20the%20science,organisms%20into%20different%20taxonomic%20levels.
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/diversity-in-living-organisms/plant-
kingdom/?fbclid=IwAR0ZzegLMMCRSrJrwsb8T1poqoPJJMY1B7QlOMcarpc27_k-
lR5LtP47958
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Plant Taxonomy

Division Of Plants Based On Photosynthesis Ability

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