ANIMAL

PRODUCTION
RUMINANTS – NC II
 SCHOLARSHIP
QUALIFICATION
(FULL)
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE -II
 SCHOLARSHIP
PROGRAM
(CFSP)
COCONUT FARMERS
SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
COMPETENCY STANDARD

1. BASIC COMPETENCY
2. COMMON COMPETENCY
3. CORE COMPETENCY
 BASIC COMPETENCY
Code BASIC COMPETENCIES

500311105 Participate in workplace communication

500311106 Work in a team environment
500311107 Practice career professionalism
500311108 Practice occupational health and
safety procedures
 COMMON COMPETENCY
Code COMMON COMPETENCIES

AFF321201 Apply safety measures in

farm operations
AFF321202 Use farm tool and equipment
AFF321203 Perform estimation and
calculations
AFF321205 Process farm wastes
 CORE COMPETENCY
Code CORE COMPETENCIES

AFF621901 Maintain housing, farm implements

and surrounding area
AFF621902 Provide forage
AFF621903 Perform breeding of ruminants
AFF621904 Raise dairy animals
AFF621905 Raise meat-type animals
 TERMINOLOGIES
• Buck – male breeder goat
• Buckling –young male breeder ruminant
• Bull - an adult male bovine mammal.
• Cage Housing – a type or system of poultry
housing where layers could be kept alone, by
two or in big groups in cage
• Calf – a newly born male or female cattle or
buffalo
• Calving – the act or process of delivering young
cattle or buffalo
• Castration – act of removing testicles from
male animals
• Chevon – meat of goat
• Colostrum – first milk from a female animal
after giving birth
• Cow – a mature female cattle
• Crossbreed – a group of animals produced by
mating two or more different breeds or strains
of animals
• Culling – is the removal of undesirable or
inferior animals in the herd based on important
economic traits and overall performance
• Doe – female goat that has given birth, usually
more than 1 year old
• Doeling – female goat that has not given birth,
usually less than one (1) year old
• Estrus – period of time when the female will
accept male. Also known as heat period
• Ewe –female sheep that has already given
birth, usually more than one (1) year old
• Ewe lamb – female sheep that has not given
birth usually less than 1 year old
• Gestation period – refers to the period of
carrying the young in the womb
• Heifer – a young female cattle or buffalo
• Hogget – meat of sheep more than one (1)
year old but less than two (2) years old
• Immunization – prevention of diseases by
providing appropriate vaccines to animals
Inbreeding – mating of closely related animals
in a herd
• Lamb – young goat usually less than 1 year
old. Also refers to meat of sheep less than one
(1 ) year old
• Lambing – act of giving birth in sheep
• Livestock – domestic animals kept for use on a
farm and raised for sale and profit
• Mutton – meat of sheep more than 2 years
old
• Nutrients – food elements or substance found
in the feeds such as protein, carbohydrates,
fats and others
• Purebreeding – is the mating of the unrelated
individuals in the same breed
• Ram – male breeder sheep
• Ration – the total amount of feeds taken in by
an animal during a 24 hour period
• Ruminants – refers to animals with complex
digestive system e.g. cattle, carabao, goats and
sheep
• Selection – refers to the process of choosing
males and females with desirable
characteristics either for breeding or
replacement stocks
• Simple stomach/non-ruminant animals –
animals that possess simple digestive system
e.g. poultry, horse and pigs
• Steer – a young male calf one year to 18
months old
• Vaccination – a preventive measure to
inoculate an animal with a mildly toxic
preparation of bacteria or a virus of specific
disease to prevent or to lessen the effects of
the disease
• Waterer – equipment used in providing water
to animals
• Weanling – refers to a young animal of either
sex which has been separated from the
mother at the end of the lactation period
• Yearling - An animal that is one year old or has
not completed its second year.
The ANIMAL PRODUCTION (RUMINANTS) NC II Qualification
consists of Competencies that a person must achieve to raise
ruminants for:

• maintenance of housing, farm implements and

surrounding area
• provides forage
• performing breeding
• raising of dairy animals
• raising of meat-type animals.
 Animals are categorized into
two main types:

 RUMINANTS and NON-RUMINANTS

This division is based on some features
exhibited in the anatomy and
physiology of these animals
Examples of ruminant animals:
• Cattle
• Sheep
• Goats
• Camel
• Water Buffalo
• Giraffes
 However, we shall limit our
discussion in this study to:
 cattle
sheep
 goats
buffalo
that are commonly found in our
environment.
Definition of Ruminant Animals
• Ruminant animals are mammals that belong
to the order Artiodactyla
• They are animals with a complex stomach
unlike the non-ruminants that have simple
stomach
• They eat and digest forages or plant based
feed by swallowing it first and allowing it to
get moistened in the rumen which is the first
compartment of the complex stomach.
• Ruminant animals do not completely chew the
grass or vegetation they eat. The partially
chewed grass goes into the large rumen where it
is stored and broken down into balls of “cud”.
When the animal has eaten its fill it will rest and
“chew its cud”. The cud is then swallowed once
again where it will pass into the next three
compartments — the reticulum, the omasum
and the true stomach, the abomasum.
• Dairy calves have a four-part stomach when they are born.
However, they function primarily as a monogastric (simple-
stomached) animal during the first part of their lives.
• At birth the first three compartments of a calf’s stomach—
rumen, reticulum, and omasum—are inactive and undeveloped.
As the calf grows and begins to eat a variety of feeds, its stomach
compartments also begin to grow and change. The abomasum
constitutes nearly 60 percent of the young calf’s stomach,
decreasing to about 8 percent in the mature cow. The rumen
comprises about 25 percent of the young calf’s stomach,
increasing to 80 percent in the mature cow.
• Many of the plants that grow on earth cannot be used directly
by humans as food. Over 50 percent of the energy in cereal
crops that are grown for food is inedible to humans. Ruminants
have the ability to convert these plants and residues into high
quality protein in the form of meat and milk. In addition they
feed on the rejects and cutting from fruit and vegetable farming
and the by-products from food processing plants.
RUMINANT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
RUMINANT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
RETICULUM
ABOMASUM
OMASUM
Course Aims:
• Ruminant Animal Production is
designed to provide you with a
general concept and understanding
of the husbandry and management
principles of ruminant animals for
production purposes.
 TYPES OF RUMINANTS
1. LARGE RUMINANTS
CATTLE
BUFFALO
2. SMALL RUMINANTS
GOAT
SHEEP
 PRE-SELECTION
BREED OF MEAT-TYPE RUMINANTS:
Large Ruminants
CATTLE
Beef Dairy

Native Strain Holstein Friesian

Brahman Jersey
Indu-Brazil Sahiwal
Simbrah Red Sindhi
Crosses Crosses
 Buffaloes
Beef Dairy
Native Carabaos Indian Murrah

American Murrah Bulgarian Murrah

Cambodian buffalo Nili Ravi

Thai buffaloes Brazilian buffalo

Crosses Crosses
 Small Ruminants
Goat
Meat-type Dairy type Mixed type

Boer Anglo-Nubian Anglo-Nubian

Kiko Saanen

Kalahari Toggenburg

Anglo-Nubian Alpine

Oberhasli
 Sheep
Meat-type
Dorper (blackhead and whitehead)
Katahdin
Merino
St. Croix
Black belly
Damara
Dorset
 CATTLE
MEAT-TYPE BREED
 BRAHMAN (Bos taurus indicus)
o The Brahman is an American breed zebuine-taurine hybred beef cattle.
o Brahman are characterized by a hump above the shoulders and a
pronounced dewlap. The coat is short and can be light to dark grey, variou
shades of red, or black They show typical Bos indicus characteristics of
shielded eyes, loose fold of skin on the dewlap and prepuce, and droopy
ears.
o Brahman parentage has lower marbling and is less tender on average than
beef from other breeds.
 INDU-BRAZIL
o The Indu-Brazil is a Brazilian breed of zebuine beef cattle. It was bred
in the early 20th century, it was originally known as the Induberaba.
o The breed is white to dark grey in color and generally taller and
lighter muscled than the Brahman. One of the notable feature of the
breed are its extremely large, pendulous ears, It probably has the
largest ears of any of the cattle breeds.
o It has a horned status
 SIMBRAH
The Simbrah are a medium sized cattle breed which take its
characteristics from both the Brahman and the Simmentel.
They come in various colors, usually red with a bit of white on
the face or black. They have a slight hump above the neck and
have slightly larger ears.
BUFFALO
 Native Carabao
o To the scientific world, a carabao is a water buffalo-the sort that lives in
tropical swampland, while the buffalo is a purebred import that they use
to crossbreed livestock for milk or meat.
o The carabao is a domestic swamp type water buffalo native to the
Philippines.
o Scientific name: Bubalus bubalis carabanesis
o Weight: male 420-500 kg., female 400-425kg.
o Height: male 127-137 cm. female 124-129 cm.
o Coat: light grey to slate grey, albino
 American Murrah
o The Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo mainly kept for milk
production.It originates in Haryanaand Punjab of India.
o In Brazil, this breed of buffalo is used for production of both meat
and milk.
 Cambodian buffalo
o A wild water buffalo that massive and barrel-chested, with rather
short legs. Males tend to be much larger than females.
o Both sexes are slate gray to black in color, although mature males
tend to be very dark. The lower legs are pale, but this can be difficult
to discern since water buffalo fequently wallow in mud.
 Thai buffalo
o The Krabue buffalo being the Thai word for ‘water buffalo” also
known as the Siamese buffalo. Thai water buffalo or Thai swamp
buffalo is a large breed that is indigenous to Thailand
GOAT
 Boer
• Scientific name: Capra aegagrus hircus
• The Boer goat is a breed of goat that was developed in South Africa in the
early 1900s and is a popular breed for meat production.
• Their name is derived from the Afrikaans word boer, meaning farmer.
 KIKO
• The Kiko is a breed of meat goat originating from New Zealand.
• Kiko comes from the Maori word for meat
• The Kiko breed was developed in the 1980s by Garrick and Anne
Batten, who cross-bred local feral goats with imported dairy goat
bucks of the Anglo-Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenburg breeds.
 KALAHARI RED
• The Kalahari Red is a breed of goat originating from South
Africa. Their name is derived from their red coat and the
Kalahari Desert. They are generally used in meat production
 ANGLO - NUBIAN
• The Anglo-Nubian is a British breed of domestic goat. It originated in
19th century from cross breeding between native British goats and a
mixed population of large lop-eared goats imported from India, the
Middle East and North Africa. It is characterised by large, pendulous
ears and a convex profile.
• Weight: male; up to 140 kg. female, up to 110 kg.
• Height: male, average 90 cm. Female, average 80 cm.
• Use: dual purpose, meat and dairy
SHEEP
 DORPER
• The breed was developed for the arid extensive regions of South Africa.
One of the most fertile of all sheep breeds that is hornless with good
body length and a short light covering of hair and wool. The breed has
the characteristic black head (Dorper) as well as white heads (White
Dorper)
• The Dorper sheep is a meat sheep breed. It is raised mainly for meat
production.
 KATAHDIN
• Katahdin are hardy, adaptable, low maintenance sheep that produce a
superior lamb crops and lean, meaty carcasses.
• They are medium-sized and efficient, bred for utility and for
production in a variety of management systems.
• They are typically raised for meat but can occasionally be raised for
milk as well.
• Mature ewes are usually about 120-160-lbs. while rams can be
anywhere between 180-250 lbs.
 Merino
• The Merino is a breed or group of domestic sheep, characterised by
very fine wool. It was established in Spain
 St. Croix
• The breed is believed to be descended from African sheep that
were brought to the Caribbean on slave ships, and is a breed of
hair sheep which does not grow wool.
• The St. Croix is a hardy tropical breed known for its parasite
resistance, and is raised primarily for meat production.
 BLACK BELLY

• The Barbados black belly is a breed of domestic sheep from the

Caribbean island of Barbados
• Scientific name: Ovis aries
 DAMARA
• The Damara is a breed of domestic sheep and was originally from
Eastern Asia and Egypt
• The Damara sheep is functionally efficient animal. The ewes appear
feminine, whereas the rams are more robust and masculine.
• It has the typical characteristics of a desert breed, namely long legs,fat
tail, short hair and a respiratory rather than a cylindrical conformation.
The head is of moderate length and width.
 DORSET
• The Dorset Horn is an endangered British breed of domestic sheep, a
highly prolific.
• It is a white- wooled and white-faced, the nostrils are a characteristic
pink. It is horned in both sexes with heavy spiral horns on rams.
• The Dorset sheep are a meat sheep breed, They raised mainly for meat
production.