EPT (TASK 1)
DATA
ANALYSIS
TESTING AND MEASUREMENT
UNIT
(TEMU)
INTRODUCTION TO DATA
ANALYSIS
• Students are required to write a 150 words analysis of a chart.
• Generally, the charts given would consist of ONE of the
following:
• A pie chart
• A bar graph
• A line graph
• There are 2 different classes of graphs – Static and Dynamic
TYPES OF CHARTS
– Static Graphs
• A static chart portrays data from a fixed time. The
data does not have a time line, therefore, static.
• A static chart can come in the form of a bar graph
or a pie chart.
• Here is a sample of a static bar graph.
• A static bar graph presents data from a number of
items at any one time.
• Here, the graph presents the grams of CO2 per
passenger per kilometre for 6 different types of
transportations. Although all 6 transportations
contribute to the data, there is NO CONTINUITY
between them. They are not connected to one
another, even if they contribute to the same
category.
Pie Chart
TYPES OF CHARTS
– Static Graphs 9%
• Here is a sample of a static pie 10%
chart
1st Qtr
• Here, the pie chart is divided into 2nd Qtr
several sections. However, there is 3rd Qtr
no continuity between the 1st Qtr 4th Qtr
and the 2nd Qtr and so on.
23% 59%
DAILY SALES AT SHITA'S BAKERY IN 2014
TYPES OF CHARTS Doughnuts Cupcakes Buns Mini Pizzas
– Dynamic Charts
4500
4000
• Dynamic charts offer data that follows a 3500
timeline. There is usually a progression in
the data given. 3000
• A dynamic chart can come in the form of a 2500
pie chart, a bar graph and a line graph.
2000
• Here is a sample of a line graph.
1500
• Here, the lines that connect each type of
baked goods from January to November are 1000
connected. Therefore, there is a
continuity/progress between the sales of 500
doughnuts from January 2014 to November
0
2014. Jan u a r y May Sep t Nov
6
TYPES OF CHARTS
– Dynamic Charts 5
• Here is a sample of a dynamic bar 4
graph
• Here, data from Series 1 in 1990 Series 1
3 Series 2
progressed throughout the years to
2005. It is connected, therefore Series 3
progressing throughout the years. 2
0
1990 1995 2000 2005
TYPES OF CHARTS
– Dynamic Charts
• Here is a sample of a dynamic pie
chart
• Here, the different sections in the
pie chart for 1980 are connected
to the sections in the pie chart for
1990. So, the section for OIL in
1980 progressed/continued (in this
case decreased) as can be seen in
the OIL section in 1990.
Analysing Your Charts
It is important you understand what type of chart you are dealing with,
as a static chart is analysed differently than a dynamic chart.
Individual data in a static chart is often compared to one another.
Individual data in a dynamic chart is often tracked through its
progress, besides being compared to one another.
ORGANISING YOUR DATA ANALYSIS
1 2
One paragraph in three parts Three paragraphs also in three
(Introduction, analysis, parts (Introduction, analysis,
conclusion) conclusion).
INTRODUCTION
• The introductory paragraph states the main purpose of the chart,
paraphrased using the writer's own words.
• It also gives a general overview of the graph, such as the most
obvious pattern, trend or an overall observation that can be made at
first glance.
• For example:
“The graph shows IIUM students’ favourite past time in 2019.
overall, most students prefer to play sports during their free time. “
BODY PARAGRAPH (ANALYSIS)
• The body paragraph is the bulk of the data analysis. Here, students are expected to analyse the
data – comparing and contrasting the data given and discussing trends (for dynamic charts).
• Students should not simply describe the chart.
• The content of a body paragraph should be organised – data should be grouped accordingly, and
presented in an orderly manner.
CONCLUSION
• The concluding paragraph should summarize the data presented in
the chart.
• For example:
• The highest or lowest data
• A summary of the progress in the chart (dynamic charts)
• An observation made on the patterns of the data
Qualities of an • A good data analysis is usually
Effective Data • Organised
Analysis
• Clear and concise
• Analysed suitably according to the type
of chart
Sample Question
You are advised to spend 20 minutes on this question.
Task 1
The chart below shows the wheat exports from three different countries from 1985 to 1990.
Write a report on the information shown below in about 150 words.
Sample Question
You are advised to spend 20 minutes on this question.
Task 1
The charts below show the preferred baby formula brands in 2 different villages.
Write a report on the information shown below in about 150 words.
Preferred Baby Formula Brands in Village Preferred Baby Formula BrandS in Vil-
A lage B
Brand A Brand A
Brand D 9% 15%
18%
Brand B
5%
Brand B
34%
Brand D
57% Brand C
Brand C 23%
39%
GOOD LUCK!!
Adapted from
Mohd Khairul Abu Sufi
