USING ESP8266 & ARDUINO

DAKSH MEHRA
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my academic advisor, Mr. Antim Dev Mishra,
who encouraged and motivated me in developing this project and constant guidance
throughout the development of this project. I take immense pleasure in expressing my
sincere gratitude to my committee members, Mrs. Bindu Thakral and Dr. Arti Vaish, who
despite their busy schedule made time to serve on my committee and for providing
their valuable feedback on the project. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for
the academic and technical staff of the Electronics Communication at Sushant University
for their support throughout my graduate studies by providing the required resources.
This would be incomplete without acknowledging the love and support of my parents
and Friends who always stood by me at every point of life.
 ABSTRACT

With an improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to
utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. One main area of
research that has seen an adoption of the technology is the healthcare sector. The people in need
of healthcare services find it very expensive this is particularly true in developing countries. As a
result, this project is an attempt to solve a healthcare problem currently society is facing. The
main objective of the project was to design a remote healthcare system. It’s comprised of three
main parts. The first part being, detection of patient’s vitals using sensors, second for sending
data to cloud storage and the last part was providing the detected data for remote viewing.
Remote viewing of the data enables a doctor or guardian to monitor a patient’s health progress
away from hospital premises. The Internet of Things (IoT) concepts have been widely used to
interconnect the available medical resources and offer smart, reliable, and effective healthcare
service to the patients. Health monitoring for active and assisted living is one of the paradigms
that can use the IoT advantages to improve the patient’s lifestyle. In this project, I have presented
an IoT architecture customized for healthcare applications. The aim of the project was to come up
with a Remote Health Monitoring System that can be made with locally available sensors with a
view to making it affordable if it were to be mass produced. Hence the proposed architecture
collects the sensor data through Arduino microcontroller and relays it to the cloud where it is
processed and analyzed for remote viewing. Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be
sent back to the doctor or guardian through Email and/or SMS alerts in case of any emergencies.
 OBJECTIVE

Here the main objective is to design a Remote Patient Health Monitoring System to diagnose the
health condition of the patients. Giving care and health assistance to the bedridden patients at
critical stages with advanced medical facilities have become one of the major problems in the
modern hectic world. In hospitals where many patients whose physical conditions must be
monitored frequently as a part of a diagnostic procedure, the need for a cost-effective and fast
responding alert mechanism is inevitable. Proper implementation of such systems can provide
timely warnings to the medical staffs and doctors and their service can be activated in case of
medical emergencies. Present-day systems use sensors that are hardwired to a PC next to the bed. 5
The use of sensors detects the conditions of the patient and the data is collected and transferred
using a microcontroller. Doctors and nurses need to visit the patient frequently to examine his/her
current condition. In addition to this, use of multiple microcontroller based intelligent system
provides high-level applicability in hospitals where many patients must be frequently monitored. For
this, here we use the idea of network technology with wireless applicability, providing each patient a
unique ID by which the doctor can easily identify the patient and his/her status of health
parameters. Using the proposed system, data can be sent wirelessly to the Patient Monitoring
System, allowing continuous monitoring of the patient. Thus, remote monitoring and control refer to
a field of industrial automation that is entering a new era with the development of wireless sensing
devices.
 What is a Remote Health Monitoring
System?

A Remote health monitoring system is an extension of a hospital medical system where

a patient’s vital body state can be monitored remotely. Traditionally the detection
systems were only found in hospitals and were characterized by huge and complex
circuitry which required high power consumption. Continuous advances in the
semiconductor technology industry have led to sensors and microcontrollers that are
smaller in size, faster in operation, low in power consumption and affordable in cost.
This has further seen development in the remote monitoring of vital life signs of
patients especially the elderly.
The remote health monitoring system can be applied in
the following scenarios:

1. A patient is known to have a medical condition with unstable regulatory body system.
This is in cases where a new drug is being introduced to a patient.
2. A patient is prone to heart attacks or may have suffered one before. The vitals may be
monitored to predict and alert in advance any indication of the body status.
3. The situation leading to the development of a risky life-threatening condition. This is
for people at an advanced age and maybe having failing health conditions.
4. Athletes during training. To know which training regimes will produce better results.
In recent times, several systems have come up to address the issue of remote health
monitoring. The systems have a wireless detection system that sends the sensor
information wirelessly to a remote server. Some even adopted a service model that
requires one to pay a subscription fee. In developing countries, this is a hindrance as
some people cannot use them due 2 to cost issue involved. There is also the issue of
internet connectivity where some systems to operate, good quality internet for a real-
time remote connection is required. Internet penetration is still a problem in developing
countries.
 IOT BASED HEALTH
MONITORING
Health monitoring is the major problem in today’s world. Due to lack of proper
health monitoring, patient suffer from serious health issues. There are lots of
IoT devices now days to monitor the health of patient over internet. Health
experts are also taking advantage of these smart devices to keep an eye on their
patients. With tons of new healthcare technology start-ups, IoT is rapidly
revolutionizing the healthcare industry.
Here in this project, we will make an IoT based Health Monitoring
System which records the patient heart beat rate and body temperature and
also send an email/SMS alert whenever those readings goes beyond critical
values. Pulse rate and body temperature readings are recorded over ThingSpeak
and Google sheets so that patient health can be monitored from anywhere in
the world over internet. A panic will also be attached so that patient can press it
on emergency to send email/sms to their relatives.
 HARDWARE

1.Arduino Uno and 
Programming Cable
2.ESP8266 Wi-Fi module
3.LM35
temperature sensor
4.Pulse rate sensor
5.Push button
6.10k Resistor
7.Male-female wires
8.Breadboard
 SOFTWARE

 Arduino Compiler
 Language : C/Java
 PULSE RATE SENSOR

Pulse Sensor is a well-designed plug-and-play heart-rate sensor for Arduino. The

sensor clips onto a fingertip or earlobe and plugs right into Arduino. It also
includes an open-source monitoring app that graphs your pulse in real time.
The front of the sensor is the covered with the Heart shape logo. This is the side
that makes contact with the skin. On the front you see a small round hole,
which is where the LED shines through from the back, and there is also a little
square just under the LED. The square is an ambient light sensor, exactly like the
one used in cellphones, tablets, and laptops, to adjust the screen brightness in
different light conditions. The LED shines light into the fingertip or earlobe, or
other capillary tissue, and sensor reads the amount of light that bounces back.
That’s how it calculates the heart rate. The other side of the sensor is where the
rest of the parts are mounted.
 LM35 Temperature Sensor

 LM35 is a analog linear temperature sensor. Its output

is proportional to the temperature (in degree Celsius).
The operating temperature range is from -55°C to
150°C. The output voltage varies by 10mV in response
to every oC rise or fall in temperature. It can be
operated from a 5V as well as 3.3 V supply and the
stand by current is less than 60uA.
 ESP8266
 Most people call ESP8266 as a WIFI
module, but it is actually a
microcontroller. ESP8266 is the name of
the microcontroller developed by
Espressif Systems which is a company
based out of shanghai. This
microcontroller has the ability to
perform WIFI related activities hence it is
widely used as a WIFI module.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Circuit Diagram
 Below are the connections:
Signal pin of pulse sensor -> A0 of arduino
Vcc pin of pulse sensor -> 5V of arduino
GND pin of pulse sensor -> GND of arduino
Vout of LM35 -> A1 of Arduino
Tx of ESP8266 -> pin 10 of arduino
Rx of ESP8266 -> pin 11 of arduino
CH_PD and Vcc of ESP8266 -> 3.3 V of
arduino
GND of ESP8266 -> GND of arduino
Push button ->  digital pin 8 of arduino
 Configuring ThingSpeak to record Patient Data online

ThingSpeak provides very good tool for IoT based projects. By using

ThingSpeak site, we can monitor our data and control our system over the
Internet, using the Channels and webpages provided by ThingSpeak.
ThingSpeak ‘Collects’ the data from the sensors, ‘Analyze and Visualize’ the
data and ‘Acts’ by triggering a reaction. We have previously used ThingSpeak
in Weather station project using Raspberry Pi and using Arduino, check them
to learn more about ThingSpeak. Here we are briefly explaining to use
ThingSpeak for this IoT Patient Monitoring Project. 
We will use ThingSpeak to monitor patient heartbeat and temperature online
using internet. We will also use IFTTT platform to connect ThingSpeak to
email/message service so that alert message can be sent whenever the
patient is in critical state.