This document discusses the use of modal verbs in English. It explains how can or can't are used to talk about abilities and permission. Should/shouldn't/ought to/had better are used to give advice or make suggestions. Have to or must/mustn't express obligations, with have to indicating an external obligation and must an internal decision. May, might, could express possibilities, permission, and past events. Finally, would is used to talk about the past, future in the past, conditional, as well as desires, polite requests, opinions, hopes, wishes, and regrets.
This document discusses the use of modal verbs in English. It explains how can or can't are used to talk about abilities and permission. Should/shouldn't/ought to/had better are used to give advice or make suggestions. Have to or must/mustn't express obligations, with have to indicating an external obligation and must an internal decision. May, might, could express possibilities, permission, and past events. Finally, would is used to talk about the past, future in the past, conditional, as well as desires, polite requests, opinions, hopes, wishes, and regrets.
This document discusses the use of modal verbs in English. It explains how can or can't are used to talk about abilities and permission. Should/shouldn't/ought to/had better are used to give advice or make suggestions. Have to or must/mustn't express obligations, with have to indicating an external obligation and must an internal decision. May, might, could express possibilities, permission, and past events. Finally, would is used to talk about the past, future in the past, conditional, as well as desires, polite requests, opinions, hopes, wishes, and regrets.
This document discusses the use of modal verbs in English. It explains how can or can't are used to talk about abilities and permission. Should/shouldn't/ought to/had better are used to give advice or make suggestions. Have to or must/mustn't express obligations, with have to indicating an external obligation and must an internal decision. May, might, could express possibilities, permission, and past events. Finally, would is used to talk about the past, future in the past, conditional, as well as desires, polite requests, opinions, hopes, wishes, and regrets.
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MODAL VERBS
REVIEW: TEACHER: MTRO. ULBERT NOLASCO SANCHEZ UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNCIA DE CHIAPAS. CAMPUS SUCHIAPA. CAN OR CAN’T
We use can to talk about abilities or permission
Examples: Permission I can speak more than three languages Can I turn off the radio? I can swim in the ocean Can I speak? I can’t dance rock and roll Can you tell me an example? I can’t speak chinese I can ride a wild horse I can’t read in German. Should/shouldn’t/ought to/had better We regulalrly use these modals to give advice or make suggestions or recommendations Examples: You should drink wáter every day ( advice) You shouldn’t watch too much TV ( recommendation ) When visit a foreign country you should read about their traditions before. ( advice) It’s cold, we’d better wear a sweater!! I’m visiting my sister who live in the States. You’d better get your visa. Go the the following link for more exercises: https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/should-shouldnt/ Have to or must/mustn’t What is the difference between MUST and HAVE TO? MUST and HAVE TO are both used to express an obligation, responsibility or necessity. While Must can generally be replaced by Have to in the present tense, there is sometimes a slight difference in meaning or use. Let’s look at our previous example using MUST: • I must write a letter to John. We generally use must when the speaker decides that something is necessary, or needs to be done. In this case I have decided that I need to write a letter to John. Nobody else has told me to write it. I think it is necessary. The other example with HAVE TO. • I have to write a letter to John. We use have to when somebody else other than the speaker has made the decision. So here, I didn’t decide to write a letter. Somebody else has told me to write it, somebody else told me it was necessary to do. Let’s look at some more examples: EXAMPLES: • I must book a hotel for my trip next week. Here I am reminding myself that it is necessary to do. I have decided that it is necessary. • We have to wear a uniform at work. Our boss makes us wear a uniform. It is an obligation that our boss has decided that is necessary. I, the speaker, am not making this obligation, someone else is. Compare the following sentences: • The Teacher says: You must complete the essay by Friday • The Student says: We have to complete the essay by Friday. The teacher has used MUST because he or has is giving the students an obligation. Since the teacher has given us the obligation, we use have to. This is because somebody else, in this case the teacher, has told us what needs to be done. When we mention someone else’s obligation, then we use the correct conjugation of Have to. For example: • Mike can’t come because he has to work tomorrow. It is Mike’s obligation to fulfill his work commitments. • Susan and Steve have to pay their rent every Friday. MAY, MIGHT, COULD
We use these modals to talk about possibilities, permission and
events in the past Examples: Sarah is a little sick…..She may go to see a doctor ( she probably go to see a doctor). Laura might fail her next exam…She’s not studying enough It’s cloudy….it might rain or we can say either I could rain It’s sunny today, we may go to the beach. ( it’s not sure that we go to the beach). Adele is doing a lot of exercises, she might lose weight. ( it’s a probability) PERMISSION AND REQUESTS
May I use the restroom?
May I come in? May I go out? May I say something? Could you please close the door? Could you turn the volumen down please, I’m studying Could you open the window, please
Note: for requests we can use the modal “ Would” either or even “ Can” MODALS SUMMARY. would Would is an auxiliary verb - a modal auxiliary verb. We use would mainly to: • talk about the past • talk about the future in the past • express the conditional mood We also use would for other functions, such as: • expressing desire, polite requests and questions, opinion or hope, wish and regret would for desire or inclination • I'd love to live here. • Would you like some coffee? • What I'd really like is some tea.
would for polite requests and questions
• Would you open the door, please? (more polite than: Open the door, please.) • Would you go with me? (more polite than: Will you go with me?) • Would you know the answer? (more polite than: Do you know the answer?) • What would the capital of Nigeria be? (more polite than: What is the capital of Nigeria?) More uses of Would
would for opinion or hope
• I would imagine that they'll buy a new one. • I suppose some people would call it torture. • I would have to agree. • I would expect him to come. • Since you ask me I'd say the blue one is best. would for wish • I wish you would stay. (I really want you to stay. I hope you will stay.) • They don't like me. I'm sure they wish I'd resign.
