FEEDERS

AND STORAGE
SILOS
P RE SE NTORS:
BAL ABAG, DANI E L L E
DACARA, SAM ANT HA
FEEDERS
 Isa piece of material handling equipment used to regulate the flow
of bulk materials into the machinery for further processing or other
process. A feeder is essentially a conveyor used for short distances
where a uniform rate of dispersal is required.
It is often used in conjunction with other types of material handling
equipment, like conveyors, crushers, dryers, grinders, blenders and
mixers.
FEEDER MACHINE AND THE IMPORTANT ROLE
IN THE INDUSTRY
Nowadays, every manufacturing industry must strive to create effective production
activities, but still save on production costs incurred. This encourages every industry to
implement smart manufacturing in which the industry creates a maximum
manufacturing climate with the technology of the tools they have, but still uses the role
of humans who still have control over these tools.
This is because two important supporting factors in the world of manufacturing are:
the machine technology they have and the quality of human resources, which can be
called the role of humans.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FEEDER MACHINE
 As the name of ‘Feeder Machine’ itself, a feeder machine is a machine that is
used or functioned to ‘fill’ or ‘feed’ a product or object in order to maximize
production to be more effective.
In other words, feeder machine is defined as a machine that passed a container,
packaging or products in one by one and then channeled through the conveyor.
This machine can be combined with other machines, according to the intended
use.
Feeder machines can be used to distribute various packaging or products made of
paper or plastic.
BENEFITS OF A FEEDER MACHINE
Helping efficiency in the production process.
Production processing time can be done more quickly and
effectively.
Minimizing errors in the production process.
Can be combined with other machines to support the production
process.
INDUSTRY FIELDS THAT REQUIRE FEEDER
MACHINES
Textile and Garments
Printing and Printing
Food and Beverage Sector
Electronics Field
Automotive Sector
Health
 TYPES OF FEEDERS AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS
There are several different types of feeders, including:
 
Apron Feeders
Belt Feeders
Drag and Reclaim Feeders
Reciprocating / Plate Feeders
Scalper Feeders
Wobbler Feeders
Vibrating Pan Feeders
Vibrating Grizzly Feeders
 Apron Feeders are robust feeders used for handling

APRON many types of materials, such as aggregates, minerals and

recycled materials. Used for both small and large

FEEDERS capacities, they can withstand extreme impact loading.

Apron Feeders consist of cast manganese pans bolted to
a dozer-style chain that wraps around a head shaft and
tail idler. The chain and pan assembly rides on dozer-style
carry rollers, and the movement of the flights provides a
metered flow of material.
This type of feeder is higher on capital investment but is
also high on investment returns. Apron Feeders are a
favorite in the mining industry because they can operate
24/7 and go years between maintenance periods.
APRON FEEDER FACTS
Used for small and large capacities
Can handle extreme impact loading
Provide uniform feed rates
Can be used for many types of materials
Offer long service life with low maintenance
Designed for each application and installation
Accept very hard, abrasive, and tough materials, as well as lumps of larger
dimensions and those which are beyond the scope of other feeders
BELT
FEEDERS Belt Feeders are generally used for fine
material applications, typically for handling
material 6” or less. They feature a flat belt
that is supported by closely spaced idlers and
driven at the head pulley.
BELT FEEDER FACTS
 

Accept smaller sized material

Used with smaller hoppers
Commonly used in secondary or tertiary applications
Should not be used for very hard and tough materials or materials with
sharp edges
 

DRAG AND
RECLAIM Both Drag Feeders and Reclaim Feeders consist of
strands of chain with connecting flight bars
FEEDERS designed to pull material. They are typically tied
into the operation of a downstream conveyor, so
they do not require an operator. Drag Feeders are
well suited for moving free-flowing materials, such
as coal, lignite, salt, copper and other minerals,
while Reclaim Feeders are typically used for moving
stockpiled materials.
DRAG FEEDER FAST FACTS

Ideal for free-flowing materials

Does not require an operator
Reclaim Feeder Fast Facts
Ideal for moving stockpiled materials
Does not require an operator
RECIPROCATING Reciprocating/Plate Feeders are a reciprocating
/PLATE FEEDERS tray type feeder. Mechanical models feature a
crank or eccentric and connecting rod to produce
the reciprocating motion needed to move the
material toward the discharge end. Hydraulically
operated designs use a hydraulic cylinder to
produce this motion. The feeder discharges on the
backstroke of the plate; no material is discharged in
the forward stroke.
RECIPROCATING/PLATE FEEDERS
FACTS

Accept small and large capacities

Generally located under a bin
Ideal for cyclic feed rates
Offer long service life with low maintenance Designed for each application or
installation
 Vibrating Grizzly Feeders provide the functions of
VIBRATING feeding and scalping. Used in many types of applications

GRIZZLY to supply a continuous feed rate, Vibrating Grizzly Feeders

feature a pan section at the feed end and a grizzly section
FEEDERS at the discharge end that allows undersized material to
bypass the crusher.
The vibration of the pan and grizzly sections moves the
material toward the discharge end, while allowing fines to
pass through to the bottom. Pre-sorting the fines before a
crusher in this way reduces the required capacity of the
crusher as well as wear and tear on the crusher.
Vibrating Grizzly Feeders are lower on capital investment
and lower on investment returns.
VIBRATING GRIZZLY FEEDER FACTS
Used for small and medium capacities
Smaller in size than Apron Feeders
Ideal where pre-sorting is required before a crusher
Offer close to uniform feed rates
Can be used for many types of materials
Designed for each application or installation
VIBRATING
PAN Vibrating Pan Feeders are generally used to feed
FEEDERS primary crushers in aggregate, mining and recycling
applications, but they can also be used to feed
grizzly feeders for removing material ahead of a
crusher. These types of feeders feature pan
sections along the deck of the feeder. As the feeder
vibrates, the material moves forward along the pan
sections toward the discharge end.
VIBRATING PAN FEEDER FACTS

Ideal for feeding primary crushers and grizzly feeders

Accepts a variety of aggregate, mining and recycle material
 Wobbler Feeders offer the dual benefits of feeding

WOBBLER material at a controlled rate and scalping fines from

the feed. Rotating elliptical bars on the deck of the

FEEDERS feeder cause the lumps of material to move up and

down, scrubbing against each other as they advance
toward the discharge end. This removes sticky
material, such as clay, from the lumps and allows it
to pass through the openings between the bars.
Though high in capital cost, Wobbler Feeders may
be necessary for scrubbing fines from sticky types of
material, saving wear and tear on downstream
equipment.
WOBBLER FEEDERS FACTS
Accept small and medium capacities
Ideal where presorting is required before a crusher
Offer uniform feed rates – dependent of homogenous feed gradation
Generally used for sticky types of materials to scrub the fines off
Not used for handling any round or slick material such as gravel and coal
CHOOSING THE RIGHT FEEDER TYPE
The right feeder for an application depends on the characteristics of the material being
processed and the required capacity. This includes:

Gradation of the material – consider the largest lump to the smallest particle
Feed rate – the required capacity of the feeder
Lump size – include the largest size lump the feeder will need to process
Type of material and its characteristics – the name of the material, as well as its hardness,
density, abrasiveness, shape, moisture content and viscosity
Temperature – consider the temperature of the material, as well as the ambient temperature
of the site
Type of operating duty – consider how many hours a day and how many days a
year the feeder will operate
Portable or stationary – consider if size and weight are a factor
Space available – consider any height or size limitations
Type of loading – consider how the feeder is being loaded and with what type of
equipment
Equipment feeder discharges to – include the type of equipment the feeder will
discharge to
Site amenities – consider the power requirements and desired drive type as well as
the elevation and climate
STORAGE SILOS
Storage silos are structures designed to store grain and other material in bulk or
powder. They are also used for storing other elements such as cement, calcium oxide,
calcium hydroxide, activated carbon or plastic resins, among others.
They are made to measure, taking into account the product to be stored, the
environmental conditions or their location. They can be closed or open, and the
interior surface is smooth and lined with special coatings.
The most common storage silos are cylindrical with a metal support although there
are also rectangular and square ones. They are similar to a tower and the material
with which they are built can be metal, stainless steel, reinforced concrete, wood,
reinforced plastic, fiberglass, etc.
TYPES OF STORAGE SILOS
Depending on the raw material to be stored, the types of
silos vary and are classified into 3 types: tower silos, bunker
silos, and bag silos.
 They are the most common structures and
TOWER can measure from 4 to 48 meters in

SILOS diameter and 3 to 40 meters in height. They

can be constructed of wood, cement,
concrete or steel, among other materials.
Silos storing grain, cement and woodchips
are typically unloaded with air slides or
augers. Silos can be unloaded into rail cars,
trucks or conveyors. Tower silos containing
silage are usually unloaded from the top of
the pile using mechanical unloaders
 Bunker silos are trenches, usually with concrete
BUNKER walls, that are filled and packed with tractors and
loaders. The filled trench is covered with a plastic
SILOS tarp to make it airtight. These silos are usually
unloaded with a tractor and loader.
They are recommended when large quantities of
material have to be stored and are used in
agriculture and in other types of industries. In fact,
nowadays, the military has also adopted the use of
this type of silos for the deposit and handling of
missiles
 They are plastic and hermetic bags or tubes
BAG that are used for the storage of grains and
fodder in the field. They usually measure from
SILOS 2 to 21 meters in diameter. The length varies
according to the material that is going to be
stored.
They are usually very heavy and they are
compacted using a machine made for the
purpose, and sealed on both ends. These silos
are also the most economical.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
STORAGE SILOS

ADVANTAGES:
They need less area to store the same amount of material than if it
were stored in a horizontal warehouse.
Products are stored in optimal conditions.
Its cost is lower than that of other storage systems.
DISADVANTAGES:
One of the biggest disadvantages of storage silos is that when it comes to handling
them, there are many risks involved. The most common are:

The risk of fire and explosion, unfortunately very common in grain elevators.
Accidents due to suffocation and risks of poisoning. This circumstance occurs
when inhaling the flammable vapors that are generated with the decomposition of
grains.
Risk of intoxication due to the use of fumigants and pesticides.
Risk of suffocation when opening the silos by accumulation of carbon dioxide.