PARTS OF SPEECH:
NOUN
PRESENTERS:
ABELEDA, MYLENE
ASILO, ROCHELLE
CASIN, NITCEL
GALVEZ, VRITNIE
Introduction
It is not surprise that many of the readers, find it difficult to
identify the standard part of the speech. As we already
learned the words and its criteria, much of what follows
will either recapitulate or expand upon the earlier
discussion.
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
OBJECTIVES
• describe the noun identification, function of noun, discovery activity,
types of nouns, plural and possessive nouns and rules in
Pluralization.
• differentiate the parts of noun.
• Show appreciation the importance of nouns and it’s function.
• Apply in their learning process to identify what’s the meaning of
noun and it’s function.
PARTS OF SPEECH
• MAJOR WORD CLASSES
• MINOR WORD CLASSES
MAJOR WORD
CLASSES
noun, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs-they are
termed "major” because they carry most of the
content or meaning of a sentence.
Such classes are also “open” in that new words
are added as they are coined.
plays a more structural role in a sentence and each of its
classes is more "closed, ” in that normally no new words
are added.
MINOR-WORD
CLASSES
Classes in this category include, but are not limited to,
auxiliary verbs, prepositions, pronouns, determiners, and
conjunctions.
These words are sometimes also called “structure” words
or “function” words, or even “functors. ”
NOUN
The notional, or semantic, definition of a noun is as you have seen-a
noun is a name of person, place, or thing.
Some linguist add “or idea” to account for abstract nouns such as
democracy, environment, and life.
Nouns have endings or derivational morphemes that formally indicate
that a word is a noun; Recall the -ness of sadness.
They also have grammatical morphemes or inflections for plural and
possessive. In terms of their position, they are frequently preceded by
determiners,
F U N C T I O N S OF
NOUN
Noun can perform any of the following five functions:
1. Subject of a verb
2. Object of a verb
3. Complement of a verb
4. Object of a preposition
5. Be in apposition to another noun
1. Noun Functioning as the
subject of a verb
A noun will function as the subject of a verb when
it is the subject of the sentence and comes before
the main verb of the sentence.
More often than not, the noun will begin the
sentence
Example: Stacy killed a snake last night. (Here, the
noun “Stacy” is functioning as the subject of the verb
“killed. ”)
2. Noun functioning as an
object of a verb
A noun functions as an object of a verb when it comes
after an action verb and receives the action of the verb.
A noun functioning as an object of a verb in a sentence
will always be the recipient of an action.
Example: Tom slapped Jerry. (Here, since the noun “Jerry” is
coming after the action verb “slapped” and receiving the action
of the verb, we say it is the object of the verb "slapped. ”)
3. Noun functioning as the
complement of a verb
A noun will function as the complement of a verb when it comes after a
linking verb or a state-of-being verb and receives no action from the
verb.
Some examples of linking verbs in the English language include the
following : is, are, am, be, are, was, were, been, being, seem, taste,
appoint, become, feel, smell, sound, appear, etc.
Example: John is a liar. (Here, the noun “liar” is functioning as the
complement of the verb “is. ”)
4. Noun functioning as the
object of a preposition
When a noun functions as the object of a preposition, it comes after a
preposition in a sentence.
By definition, any noun that comes immediately after a preposition is the
object of that preposition.
EXAMPLE: “John” is the object of the preposition “to” in this sentence:
I gave the book to John.
5. Noun being in apposition to
another noun
A noun can be in apposition to another noun.
By definition, the word “apposition” means putting a noun next to another
noun to explain it.
So each time you see a noun placed next to another noun and that noun is
explaining the other noun, then you have a good example of a noun being in
apposition to another noun.
EXAMPLE:
The footballer, Suarez has been suspended.
(Here, you notice that two nouns have been put next to each other, namely “footballer”
and “Suarez” . Now, you notice that the noun “Suarez” can be used to replace
“footballer” and it also gives some information about the other noun "footballer" . So
we can say the noun "Suarez" is in apposition to the noun "footballer")
Types of Nouns
Nouns are an important part of speech in English, probably
second only to verbs. It is difficult to say much without using a
noun.There are several different types of English nouns. It is often
useful to recognize what type a noun is because different types
sometimes have different rules. This helps you to use them
correctly.
• PROPER NOUN AND COMMON NOUN
• CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT NOUN
• COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
• COLLECTIVE NOUNS
• COMPOUND NOUNS
COMMON NOUNS
Common nouns refer to people, places and things
in
general like chair or dog.
Any noun that is not a name is a common noun.
Examples: teacher, car, music, danger, receipt
Proper Nouns
Names of people, places or
organizations are proper nouns.
Rule: Proper nouns always start with a capital
letter.
Examples: Jane, Thailand, Sunday, James Bond,
Einstein, Superman, Game of Thrones, Shakespeare
Note: Adjectives that we make from proper nouns also usually start with a
capital letter, for example Shakespearian, Orwellian.
CONCRETE NOUNS AND
ABSTRACT NOUNS
Concrete Nouns – are physical things that you can
touch
Examples: man, rice, head, car, furniture, mobile phone .
Abstract Nouns - opposite of concrete nouns. They are
things that you cannot touch. Abstract nouns are ideas,
concepts and feelings.
Examples: happiness, courage, danger, truth
COUNTABLE NOUNS AND
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable Nouns (also called count nouns) You can count
countable nouns. Countable nouns have singular and plural
forms.
Examples: ball, boy, cat, person
Uncountable Nouns (also called mass nouns)
You cannot count uncountable nouns. You need to use
"measure words" to quantify them.
Examples: water, happiness, cheese
Rule: We never use uncountable nouns with the indefinite article (a/an). Uncountable nouns
are always singular.
Collective Nouns
A collective noun denotes a group of individuals.
Examples: class (group of students), pride (group of lions), crew
(group of sailors)
Rule: Collective nouns can be treated as singular or plural. More about this at rules of
subject-verb agreement with collective nouns.
Examples: • His family live in different countries.
Compound Nouns
A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more
words.
Most compound nouns are [noun + noun] or [adjective + noun].
Each compound noun acts as a single unit and can be modified
by adjectives and other nouns.
Compound nouns have three different forms:
1. open or spaced - space between words (bus stop)
2. hyphenated - hyphen between words (mother-in-law) 3.
closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (football)
Examples: cat food, blackboard, breakfast, full moon, washing machine, software
• Can we use the swimming pool?
PLURAL ANDPO SSESSIVE
NOUNS
Plural nouns - are the nouns that have been changed into
their plural states by adding -s or -es. Remember your irregular
nouns, such as mice and children! They too are plural nouns.
Possessive nouns - Nouns can be possessive
and express ownership, usually following the use of
“of. ”
Example: The life of Maria .
Most singular possessives are formed by adding an apostrophe and “s. ”
If the noun is plural, the possessive form becomes “s” and apostrophe.
Singular Common: Dog Singular
Possessive:
Dog’s Plural Common: Dogs
Plural Possessive: Dogs’
Plural Common: Dogs
Plural Possessive: Dogs’
Exception: if the plural noun does not end with an
“s, ” the possessive is formed by adding an
apostrophe and “s. ”
Example:
Singular Common: Woman
Singular Possessive: Woman’s
Plural Common: Women
Plural Possessive: Women’s
RULES IN
PLU RALI ZAT I O N
1. To make regular nouns plural, add s to the end. cat – cats , house – houses
2. If the singular noun ends in s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z, add es to the end to make
it plural. truss – trusses bus – buses marsh – marshes lunch – lunches tax –
taxes blitz – blitzes
3. In some cases, singular nouns ending in -s or -z, require that you double the -s
or -z prior to adding the -es for pluralization. fez – fezzes gas –gasses
4. 4. If the noun ends with f or fe, the f is often changed to ve before adding the -s
to form the plural version. wife – wives wolf – wolves s
Exceptions: roof – roofs
belief – beliefs
chef – chefs
chief – chiefs
RULES IN
PLU RALI ZAT I O N
5. If a singular noun ends in y and the letter before the -y is a consonant, change the
ending to ies to make the noun plural.
city – cities puppy – puppies
6. If the singular noun ends in -y and the letter before the -y is a vowel, simply add an -s
to make it plural.
ray – rays boy – boys
7. If the singular noun ends in o, add es to make it plural.
potato – potatoes tomato – tomatoes
Exceptions: photo – photos piano – pianos halo – halos
With the unique word volcano, you can apply the standard pluralization for words that
end in -o or not. It’s your choice! Both of the following are correct: volcanoes volcanos
RULES IN
PLU RALI ZAT I O N
8. If the singular noun ends in us, the plural ending is frequently i.
cactus – cacti focus – foci
9. If the singular noun ends in is, the plural ending is es.
analysis – analyses ellipsis – ellipses
10. If the singular noun ends in on, the plural ending is a.
phenomenon – phenomena criterion – criteria
11. Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.
sheep – sheep series – series species – species deer –deer
You need to see these nouns in context to identify them as singular or plural.
Consider the following sentence: Mark caught one fish, but I caught three fish
PLURAL NOUN RULES
FOR IRREGULAR NOUNS
Irregular nouns follow no specific rules, so it’s
best to memorize these or look up the proper
pluralization in the dictionary.
child – children
goose – geese
man – men
woman – women
thank you
