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Types of Defects:: One Dimensional (1D) Two Dimensional (2D)

There are two types of defects in crystals: one-dimensional (1D) line defects and two-dimensional (2D) planar defects. Line defects include dislocations which occur when the periodic arrangement of atoms is interrupted along certain directions. The two most common types of dislocations are edge dislocations and screw dislocations. Planar defects occur along crystal surfaces and include grain boundaries, where crystals meet at different orientations, and stacking faults, which alter the periodic sequence of atomic layers. These defects influence material properties like hardness.

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Shifa Chaudhari
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532 views13 pages

Types of Defects:: One Dimensional (1D) Two Dimensional (2D)

There are two types of defects in crystals: one-dimensional (1D) line defects and two-dimensional (2D) planar defects. Line defects include dislocations which occur when the periodic arrangement of atoms is interrupted along certain directions. The two most common types of dislocations are edge dislocations and screw dislocations. Planar defects occur along crystal surfaces and include grain boundaries, where crystals meet at different orientations, and stacking faults, which alter the periodic sequence of atomic layers. These defects influence material properties like hardness.

Uploaded by

Shifa Chaudhari
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TYPES OF DEFECTS:

 One Dimensional (1D)


 Two Dimensional (2D)

Shifa Chaudhari
22MSC003
LINE DEFECTS
(One Dimensional)
What is Line Defect?
 When the periodicity of the atomic lattice array is
interrupted along certain directions in a crystal,
imperfection occurs.
 Such interruptions of a crystal structure and are
called LINE DEFECTS.
 The most common type of line defect within a crystal
is a DISLOCATION.
Dislocation is a linear or one dimensional defect around
which some of the atoms are misaligned.

The Most Common Types Of Dislocations

Edge Screw
Dislocation Dislocation
EDGE DISLOCATION SCREW DISLOCATION
EDGE DISLOCATION
 Edge dislocations arise when there is a slight
mismatch in the orientation of adjacent parts
of the growing crystals resulting in the
introduction of an extra row of atoms.

 When a sufficient amount of force is applied


from one side of the crystal, the extra half-
plane passes though other ordered planes of
atoms which breaks and forms bonds between
atoms which further allows this plane to slip
and cause deformation in the metal.
SCREW DISLOCATION

 Screw dislocation is another type of line


defect in which the defect occurs when
the planes of atoms in the crystal lattice
trace a helical path around the
dislocation line.
 The stress caused by screw dislocation
is comparatively less complex than edge
dislocation. Screw dislocations can glide
in any plane.
PLANAR DEFECTS
(Two Dimensional)
What is Plane (Surface) Defect?
Dislocations that occurs along the plane or
surface of the crystal structure are known
as plane defects.
There are two types of planar defects:
 Grain Boundary
 Stacking Fault
Grain Boundary
 A grain is a collection of many repeating crystalline
structures all oriented in the same direction. Grains can vary
in length and width, depending on how long the repeating
crystals go on for. When two grains oriented in different
directions meet, a grain boundary is formed.
 A grain boundary is a planar defect that occurs where two such
crystallites meet.
 The same crystal structure and chemical composition exists on
each side but the orientation differs. 
The smaller the grains, the more grain boundaries
you have, the harder the material will be.
Stacking Fault
 A stacking fault is any defect that
alters the periodic sequence of
layers.
 These defects may be a wrong
layer inserted into the sequence, a
change of the layer sequence.
 These defects may affect the
whole crystal or a finite region if
e.g. an additional layer is present
between a perfect sequence of
layers. 
Thank You

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