GROUP 7

F R A N C E

PRESENTED BY: Allan A. Hernan

INTRODUCTION
In the unitary state of France, a presidential-
parliamentary hybrid system of government is used.
The civil law tradition, which has its roots in Roman
law, is the one that underlies the French legal system.
During the 19th century, France was a key player in
the codification of civil law. The formation of the law
in a large portion of Latin America and Africa, as well
as in many other European jurisdictions, has been
affected by French legal codes.
A. History of Police in General in France

The French police system was historically defined as moving in the direction of centralization. In
1851, police units were made national, and the Police Nationale was founded in 1941. With the
National Police System, unity was made possible in 1966. The French police force has been
decentralized more recently. The Supreme Council, which was founded in 1993, has 18 members
and focuses on police-community relations. The Interior Ministry has promoted local police service
fusion to combat crime since 1990. One departmental director is meant to oversee the operations of
the air police, political police, and urban police. The French police system continues to be largely
national and centralized, despite current interest in local police autonomy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_France
 B. Law Enforcement Agency for Organized and Terrorist Group

 In France, the national police and gendarmerie are responsible for protecting people and
property against the threat of crime, including organized crime, drug trafficking,
terrorism, illegal immigration and cybercrime.

https://www.interpol.int/en/Who-we-are/Member-countries/Europe/FRANCE
COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM
A.Application Requirments

Police officers must be French citizens between the ages of 17 and 35, have a secondary education, be
in good physical and mental health, and have their applications approved by the prefect. A person
joining the police force must complete training in one of the police training institutions before
accepting any post within the force.

https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1414&context=jj_pubs
Organizational Structure
One of France's two national police forces
and the primary civil law enforcement body
with primary jurisdiction over major cities
and towns is the French National Police.
The French national police carries out
security tasks such as traffic control,
patrols, and identity checks. In order to
maintain appropriate order and a fair
distribution of responsibility, the French
Police department adheres to a specific
hierarchy or organizational structure. You
can review the following details to get a
better understanding of the French Police
hierarchy.
D. Power and Function

 The National Police's general responsibility is to make sure that the law is upheld and enforced.
Additionally, efforts are made to avoid delinquency. In that situation, the National Police: carries out
security operations (such as patrols, traffic control, and identity checks); and, with the assistance of
the judiciary, carries out criminal investigations, serves search warrants, etc.; and maintains
particular "judiciary police" services for criminal investigations.

 https://polis.osce.org/country-profiles/france
D. Rank Classification
National Police of France Director general Prefectoral corps Directors of active service

Rank insignia

Préfet de police de Paris/

Préfet de police des Bouches-
Directeur général Directeur des services actifs
du-Rhône
Grade (Director general of the (Director of active services of
(Police Prefect of Paris/
National Police) the National Police)
Police Prefect of Bouches-du-R
hône
)

Equivalent NATO Code OF-9 N/A OF-8

National Police of France Planning and management corps

Rank insignia

Commissaire de police -
Inspecteur général des Contrôleur général des
Commissaire général de Commissaire Élève et stagiaire
services actifs de la services actifs de la
police divisionnaire de police Commissaire de police (Probationary
Grade police nationale police nationale
(Commissioner general of (Divisional commissioner (Commissioner of police) commissioner of police/
(Inspector general of the (Comptroller general of
police) of police) Commissioner of police
National Police) the National Police)
candidate

Equivalent NATO Code OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-3/4 N/A

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_ranks_of_France
C. Comparative Criminal Justice

 Roman law is the source of France's legal and criminal justice systems. It is a representation of both
the feudal system of the Middle Ages and the civil law system. The legal system, which gradually
came into being in France after the French Revolution in the late 18th century, is something the
country is committed to. Beginning in the early 19th century and continuing today, Napoleon codified
a number of important laws and established the common court system, administrative court system,
and independent judicial system, all of which contributed to the formation of the modern judicial
system as we know it today.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_justice_system_of_France
Comparative Court System

 In France, there are two types of courts: judicial courts (those that handle criminal and civil
legislation) and administrative courts. In the administrative courts, public law is applied. The
Supreme Court of Appeals is one of the judiciary's top courts. There are 36 courts of appeal, a 161-
member administrative high court, and 307 at the bottom. The Council of State, which presides over
42 administrative courts and 8.

 https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/francelegalresearch/legalsystem
Comparative Correctional System

 In France, the Ministry of Justice is in charge of the correctional services. There are 103 probationary
institutions, 189 prisons, and All around the nation, reentry offices have statistics regarding their The
Ministry of Justice website features a monthly operating update. As of September 1st, 2011, 63,602
people were behind bars in France, an increase of 5% from the prior year. One In France, one-fourth
of those in prison were being held pending trial. Of the overall prison population, juveniles made up
about 1%. There are five types of prisons: a prison (for sentences of less than two years), a central
house, a treatment center, and other detention; a center for modified sentences; a semi-liberty
center; and juvenile detention centers. The French system also has 40 correctional facilities.
penitentiary centers, which combine various types of facilities in one location. For illustration, a
correctional facility might have both a central house and an arrest house. They are commonly
available. scattered among the nation's communities

 https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1414&context=jj_pubs
Comparative Juvenile Justice System

 The history of French juvenile justice law is extensive. It was founded soon after World War II ended
and is now controlled by an ordinance from February 2, 1945. In this essay, we'd like to focus on the
most recent portion of this story and evaluate whether and to what degree there may be a tendency
toward greater repression in the French juvenile court system. Its founding principles, including
specialized jurisdiction, age-related diminished criminal responsibility, and an emphasis on
educational rather than law enforcement measures, were in fact the subject of a heated debate at
the start of the 2000s, with the Ministries of Justice and the Interior taking opposing positions.
Despite the fact that various laws, including one on September 9, 2002, introduced modifications
that can be seen as a shift towards a more punishing method of Despite this, the basic ideas were
formally reaffirmed.

 https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/significance-comparative-analysis-juvenile-deli
nquency-and-juvenile
International Criminal Justice

 The French legal system upholds the idea of a single civil and criminal judicial system. Police public
order and investigative powers are described in the French Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP). First
instance tribunals (petty offenses and civil disputes), criminal tribunals (offenses with a potential
sentence of up to 5 years in prison and serious civil disputes), and assize courts are the three
categories of criminal courts of first instance that deal with violations of the laws listed in the Penal
Code.

 https://www.pgaction.org/ilhr/rome-statute/france.html
T H A N K

Y O U