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MMT 6-1

Manual muscle testing is a procedure to evaluate muscle strength and function by having a patient perform movements against gravity and resistance while the examiner evaluates factors like range of motion, muscle contour and grading on a scale of 0 to 5. It requires knowledge of muscle origins, insertions, actions and substitution patterns to accurately test individual muscles or muscle groups. Standardized ranges of motion are provided for accurate goniometric measurement of all major joints.

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282 views20 pages

MMT 6-1

Manual muscle testing is a procedure to evaluate muscle strength and function by having a patient perform movements against gravity and resistance while the examiner evaluates factors like range of motion, muscle contour and grading on a scale of 0 to 5. It requires knowledge of muscle origins, insertions, actions and substitution patterns to accurately test individual muscles or muscle groups. Standardized ranges of motion are provided for accurate goniometric measurement of all major joints.

Uploaded by

Mughal Zadii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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manual muscle testing

manual muscle testing

Manual muscle testing is a procedure for the


evaluation of the function and strength of individual
muscles and muscle groups based on the effective
performance of a movement in relation to the forces
of gravity and manual resistance.
Conti…

 Knowledge of joint motion


 Origin and insertion of muscles
 Function of muscles and substitution patterns
 Ability to palpate the muscle or its tendon
 To distinguish between normal and atrophied
contour
 Grading parameters
Functional Classification of Muscle

 Prime Mover or Agonist


 Antagonist
 Synergist
 Fixators
Muscles
 3 Types: Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
 Skeletal muscles generally voluntarily controlled

 Composed of fibers

 Work in groups
How Do Muscles Cause Movement

 Origin- where the muscle is attached to the bone; this


bone will move very little

 Insertion- muscle attachment to bone with most


motion

 Belly of muscle- part of muscle that enlarges on


contraction
FACTORS AFFECTING
MUSCLE STRENGTH

 Age
 Gender
 Type of muscle contraction
 Muscle size
 Speed of muscle contraction
 Previous training effect
CONTRAINDICATIONS

 Inflammation
 Pain
 Joint instability
 Increased tone
Grading of Manual Muscle Testing
Numeric Descriptive Grade Description
Grade
5 Normal Complete range of motion against
gravity with full resistance

4 Good Complete range of motion against


gravity with moderate resistance
3 Fair Complete range of motion against
gravity
2 Poor Complete range of motion with
gravity (gravity eliminate)
1 Trace Muscle contraction, but no or very
limited joint motion
0 Zero No evidence of muscle function
goniometer
 Goniometer derived from Greek words,
Gonio = angle, metron = measurement

 Measurement of osteokinematic movement

 Measurement of angles created at human joints


by the bones of the body
goniometer
 Available in a variety of sizes, shapes
 Usually constructed of either plastic or metal

 The two most common types of instruments


used to measure joint angles:
 Bubble inclinometer

 Traditional goniometer
Bubble goniometer
 Which has a 360° rotating dial and scale with
fluid indicator can be used for
 Flexion and extension

 Abduction and adduction

 Rotation in the neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist,


hip, knee, ankle, and the spine.
traditional goniometer
 Which can be used for flexion and extension;
abduction and adduction; and rotation in the
shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle,

Consists of three parts:


•Body
•Stationary arm
•Moving arm
Conti…
A body
The body of the goniometer is designed like a
protractor and may form a full or half circle
A measuring scale is located around the body.
The intervals on the scales can vary from 1 to 10
degrees

A Stationary Arm
The stationary arm is structurally a part of the
body and therefore cannot move independently of
the body
Conti…

A moving arm
The moving arm is attached to the fulcrum in the center
of the body by a rivet or screw-like device that allows the
moving arm to move freely on the body of the device.
Joint Action Degree of Motion
Flexion 170º - 180º
Extension 50º - 60º
Abduction 170º - 180º
Shoulder Internal rotation 70º - 80º
External rotation 80º - 90º
Horizontal abduction 40º - 45º
Horizontal adduction 130º - 135º
Elbow Flexion 140º - 150º
Pronation 80º - 90º
Forearm Supination 80º - 90º
Flexion 80º - 90º
Extension 60º - 70º
Wrist Radial deviation 15º - 20º
Ulnar deviation 20º - 30º
Joint Motion Degrees
MCP: 80º - 90º
Finger Flexion PIP: 90º - 100º
DIP: 80º - 90º
MCP:40º - 45º
Finger Extension PIP: 0º
DIP: 0º
CMC: 15º - 20º
Hand Thumb Flexion MCP: 50º - 60º
IP: 70º - 80º
CMC: 20º - 30º
Thumb Extension IP: 10º actively, 30º passively

Thumb Adduction 20º

Thumb Abduction 60º - 70º


Joint Action Degree of Motion
Flexion 120º - 130º
Extension 30º - 40º
Abduction 35º - 45º
Hip
Adduction 20º - 30º
Internal rotation 40º - 45º
External rotation 40º - 45º
Knee Flexion 135º - 140º
Plantarflexion 40º - 50º
Dorsiflexion with knee
Ankle extended 15º - 20º
Dorsiflexion with knee flexed
0º - 10º
Inversion 15º - 20º
Eversion 5º - 10º
Foot
Motion Normal Range (Degrees)

Great toe
MTP: 45º
IP: 90º
Toe Flexion Lateral four toes
MTP: 40º
PIP: 35º
DIP: 60º
Great toe
MTP: 70º
IP: 0º
Toe Extension Lateral four toes
MTP: 40º
PIP: 0º
DIP: 30º

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