UNIT IV: CAREER DEVELOPMENT

PERSON AND
CAREERS
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT/PANSARILING KAUNLARAN 11
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THIS LESSON, YOU WILL BE
ABLE TO:
1.Explain that understanding of the concepts of career and
life goals can help In planning your career
2.Identify personal factors influencing career choices, and
3.Take a self-assessment tool to know your personality
traits and other personal factors in relation to your goals
CAREER CONCEPTS
A career is defined as the combination and sequence of roles
played by a person during the course of a lifetime (Super, 1980).
Your career basically dictates a lot of things in your life – it can
determine the kind of lifestyle that you will be leading, the quality of
relationships that you have with people around you like your family
and friends, the kind of balance you will be able to keep with your life
and your responsibilities.

JOB is a position an individual holds doing specific duties.

OCCUPATION is defined as the similar work for which people have
similar responsibilities and for which they develop a
common set of skills and knowledge.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ONE’S
CAREER CHOICE
● A popular career development model, the Trait and Factor model,
believes that skills and abilities need to fit the demands of a particular
career field. It is then important that you take stock of the skills,
knowledge and abilities that you currently possess and those that you
still need to develop as these greatly impacts that kind of career that
could be a good match for you.
● Personality and interests. John Holland, a popular career counselor
proposed a theory that strongly believe that certain careers require
certain personality traits and must also fit our interests.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ONE’S
CAREER CHOICE
● Life roles are yet strong factors that influences our career choices. Donald
Super, another career development theorist believes that since we play an array
of roles in our lives, these roles are likely to change over time thus
requirements, needs and other external forces would come into play when we
are trying to figure out or maintain a career.

● Race and ethnicity . The culture in which we belong to shape our values and
expectations. In the Philippines, our collectivist orientation makes our family a
strong. The choice of course to take in college, the location of our job, how
strong willed we will be in achieving great heights in our career, would most
likely be influenced by our family roles, duties and obligations.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ONE’S
CAREER CHOICE
● Previous Experiences - Krumboltz's Social Learning and Planned
Happenstance theories address factors related to our experiences with others
and in previous work situations. Having positive experiences and role models
working in specific careers may influence the set of careers we consider as
options for ourselves. One aspect of Social Cognitive Career Theory addresses
the fact that we are likely to consider continuing a particular task if we have had
a positive experience doing it. In this way, we focus on areas in which we have
had proven success and achieved positive self-esteem.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ONE’S
CAREER CHOICE
● Gender - Both men and women have experienced career-related
stereotypes.. How we view ourselves as individuals may influence both the
opportunities and barriers we perceive as we make career decisions.
Studies of gender and career development are ongoing as roles of men and
women in the workforce, and in higher education, evolve.
● Social and Economic Conditions - All of our career choices take place
within the context of society and the economy. Events that take place in
our lives may affect the choices available to us and even dictate our
choices to a certain degree. Changes in the economy and resulting job
market may also affect how our careers develop.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ONE’S
CAREER CHOICE
● Childhood Fantasies - What do you want to be when you grow-up?
You may remember this question from your childhood, and it may have
helped shape how you thought about careers then, as well as later in life.
Career counseling theories are expanding as programs related to career
choice are developed for all ages, including the very young. Ginzberg
proposed a theory that describes three life stages related to career
development. The first stage, fantasy, where early ideas about careers are
formed, takes place up to age 11.
 CAREER
DEVELOPMENT
THEORIES
 SUPER’S THEORY
Developmental, life span or life
space theory- was proposed by
Donald Super basing the theory on
the idea that individuals are always
in constant change and go through
life by learning new things while
change roles in the process.
Middle-aged people often talks
about reinventing themselves in
the process while acquiring new
set of skills, attitudes and
experience new things that they
have never done before.
Super’s five life and career development stages
Stage Age Characteristics
Growth Birth-14 Development of self-concept, attitudes,
needs, and general work
Exploration 15-24 “Trying out” through classes, work
hobbies. Tentative choice and skill
development.
Establishment 25-44 Entry-level skill building and
stabilization through work experience
Maintenance 45-64 Continual adjustment process to
improve position
Decline 65+ Reduced output, prepare for retirement
 PARSON’S THEORY
Frank Parsons is regarded as the founder of
the vocational guidance movement. He
developed the theory of matching careers to
talents, skills, and personality. Parson noted
that people perform best when they are in
jobs best suited to their abilities and
developed the talent-matching approach,
which was later developed into the Trait and
Factor Theory of Occupational Choice.’
 PARSON’S THEORY
Parsons believed that career occurs when people have achieved:

• An understanding of their individual traits (aptitude, interests, personal

abilities)
• A knowledge of available jobs
• Objective acknowledge between the individual’s trait, and the current
market needs
• Parsons suggested that when an individuals are in jobs best suited to their
abilities they perform best and their productivity is highest.
 HOLLAND’S THEORY
According to John Holland’s Theory of
Career Choice, careers are established by
the interaction between our personality
and the environment. Something like, we
want to work in jobs with people like us.
Holland believes that in choosing a career,
people prefer jobs where they can be
around others who are like them.
 HOLLAND’S THEORY
Holland’s Theory is focused
on the belief that most people
belong to one of the six
personality types.
 Realistic
 Investigate
 Artistic
 Social
 Enterprising
 Conventional
 KRUMBOLTZ’S THEORY
John Krumboltz’ Theory states that it is OK
to not always the plan, because unplanned
events can lead to good careers. This is an
optimistic outlook can help turn destiny into
opportunity. John Krumboltz developed
ideas about backing up in decisions in his
clients. He said that indecision is desirable
and sensible, as it allows to prospect for
client to benefit from unplanned occasions.
 KRUMBOLTZ’S THEORY
He theorized that social learning is the basis of our career
decisions and development and that people choose their own
careers based on what they know and have learned. Krumboltz
identified four factors: genetic influences, environmental
conditions and events, learning experiences and skills like goal
setting, information gathering and self- observation. According to
him, these factors influences career choice.
 10 MYTHS ABOUT
CAREER PLANNING
BUSTED!
Keep in mind that the road to career happiness is usually full of
bumps, curves and tangents rather than a straight, direct path from
point A to point B.
 Myth 1: Arts/humanities majors usually are
unemployable after college
Fact: Skills matter in every stream

Humanities majors usually provide training in basic areas called

transferable skills such as interpersonal communication, writing,
research, and critical thinking. Transferable skills indicate those
skills that are learned in one area can be readily utilized in a wide
range of other areas.
Arts majors are employed in a wide range of careers. Although
humanities graduates sometimes take more time finding a "niche"
in the working world, it's usually because they don't know what they
can or want to do or they are not aware of the options available to
them .So, do not assume that a certain stream will open up your
opportunities for the future.
Myth 2: Selecting what's 'hot' at the moment is
safe
Fact: What's hot today may not necessarily be 10/20 years
later

Selecting a major or pursuing a career just because it's hot can be

dangerous.
What is 'hot' today may cool down, or disappear completely, in the
near future.
Such a choice fails to take into account the interests and abilities of
the student, or the kind of environment in which they are most likely
to succeed.
Career satisfaction requires interest, commitment and passion.
New career fields and jobs emerge every year as a result of
changes in public policy, technology, and economic trends.
Myth 3: Career assessments / counselors will not
be of any use for me
Fact: You must know what your aptitude is before choosing a
career

Psychometric Assessments (Aptitude Test) can provide additional

information that may be helpful as a part of the career planning
process.
Assessments would provide a clear idea as to one's aptitude,
strengths and weakness and their mental capabilities, which aids in
selecting a career, but with thorough brainstorming with the career
counselor, who can chalk out various career options based on the
match between the student profile and the career. Of course, it’s up
to you whether you want to pursue what the counselor advises you
to, but do not skip this step.
Myth 4: If X is happy in a particular field, I will be
happy too
Fact: You are not X

Everyone is different and what works for one person won’t

necessarily work for another, even if that other person is someone
with whom you have a lot in common.

If someone you know has a career that interests you try and get
more details about the career in terms of the job description, the
skills required and market demand of the career. Then match the
description with your traits and then make a choice. Be aware that
what you like may not necessarily be a good fit for you.
Myth 5: If I wait long enough, luck will eventually
bring me to the right career
Fact: Procrastination is no substitute for laziness

It is unlikely that you will just “bump into” the occupation that will
perfectly match your skills and interests. The more information you
gather about yourself and the occupations you are considering, the
more likely it is you will make a wise career decision.
It is true that some things beyond your control will influence your
life, but you must take an active role to determine your own
fate. Look around you – those people who are unhappy in their
careers most likely just “fell into” something without careful
planning.
Do you want the same thing to happen to your career graph? So
think wisely and plan the process.
Myth 5: If I wait long enough, luck will eventually
bring me to the right career
Fact: Procrastination is no substitute for laziness

It is unlikely that you will just “bump into” the occupation that will
perfectly match your skills and interests. The more information you
gather about yourself and the occupations you are considering, the
more likely it is you will make a wise career decision.
It is true that some things beyond your control will influence your
life, but you must take an active role to determine your own
fate. Look around you – those people who are unhappy in their
careers most likely just “fell into” something without careful
planning.
Do you want the same thing to happen to your career graph? So
think wisely and plan the process.
Myth 6: Making a lot of money will make me happy

Fact: The ingredients of fulfilling career also includes passion

and commitment to growth

While salary is important, it isn’t the only factor you should look at
when choosing a career. Countless surveys have shown that
money doesn’t necessarily lead to job satisfaction.

For many people enjoying what they do at work is

much more important.
Myth 7: Once I choose a career, I’ll be stuck in it
forever
Fact: You are never too old to switch careers

If you are unsatisfied in your career for any reason, you can
always change.
Discussing your interests with knowledgeable people who could
guide you towards another career could land you in a satisfying job
profile. Remember just being in a job without a lack of interests
would hamper your performance. So it would be better if you make
a wise choice later. Many people do change careers several times
over the course of their lifetimes.
Myth 8: If I change careers my skills will be wasted

Fact: Being multi-skilled allows you to learn and adapt

accordingly

It is true that certain jobs require some specialized skill set.

But note that mostly jobs require a common type of skills
which most of the individuals possess. Your skills are yours
to keep. You may not use them in the exactly same way, but
they won’t be wasted.
 Myth 9: I will decide after the results are out

Fact: Impulsive decisions lack planning and direction

Having a sound academic background always proves beneficial

while making a career. The two years of Junior college (class 11
and 12) are very essential as they form a base for a particular
career.

One cannot ignore the knowledge gained whilst studying. Deciding

after graduation sometimes leads to impulsive decisions as, the
earlier educational qualification may not be applicable to the area of
work that you plan to pursue in later life. Planning in advance
prepares you better to deal with the If-and-Or situations better.
Myth 10: I love this hobby, but I don’t think I can
make money out of it
Fact: If you love what you do, you will not feel like you are
working

It explains why part-time hobbies like cooking, photography and

design that were once pursued during weekends are now being
pursued as full time careers. And most of these hobby-turned
vocations pay well if pursued professionally.

If your hobby becomes a career, then there’s nothing stopping you

from being satisfied in your job and life. So, go ahead and make a
wise choice!
INTERNAL FACTORS
THAT AFFECTS
YOUR DECISION IN
YOUR CAREER
CHOICE
 1. Self-concept or self-identity
If your self-identity is not solid as it should
be, then choosing a career or even a course
to take up in college will be difficult. There is
a need to know and understand what you
want to do or not want to do. This is tied on
how you see and think of yourself. For
example, you want to become a medical
doctor, but then you think you do not have
the perseverance or the intelligence to
become one, that self-defeating thought will
take you miles away from fulfilling your
dream.
 2. Personal preferences
You might have decided to take up
accountancy, but your mother told you that
being a nurse like one of your Aunt will help
you earn a lot of money especially when you
work abroad. This is usually happening in
many Filipino homes. For a parent, they will
always think of the best for their child.
However, no matter how good their
intentions are, these can still backfire
because the child is forced to do something
opposite- what his or her parents want.
There are some instances when the
adolescent will abide by the wishes of the
parents over what college course to take.
 3. Motivation
The drive to fulfill one’ fullest
potentials is the best motivation any
person can ever have in living a
meaningful life. Sure, there are some
whose motivation evolve around
amassing wealth or obtaining power,
but the majority of Filipinos are
motivated primarily by their desire to
improve the quality of their family’s
lives.
 4. Self-confidence
“Yes I can” Kaya ko ito!”
Notwithstanding the challenges an
adolescent faces after high school,
the self-confident person will keep
his eyes on his goals, and declare to
the world that he can do it and will
succeed in the pursuit of his
dreams.
 5. Personal Skills
Basic education teaches us the hard
skills we need to acquire so we may
qualify for higher education such as
learning math and the sciences. The
softer skills such as dealing with people
or the skills to communicate a feeling
or a though non-verbally are skills that
are not taught in our educational
system. Have the courage to stand up
and take the relevant course that will
hone your skills and be the master of
your own destiny.
 6. Personality Characteristics
Knowing your personality characteristics will definitely
help you in choosing a career. Certain characteristics are
compatible and matched with certain types of work or
occupation according to Holland’s Trait factor Theory.
 7. Personal Health
The condition of your health is a major factor in the
career choice you will make. Are you healthy enough to
take on the rigors of some tough courses like law or
medicine? In many instances, however, physical conditions
or health issues did not deter certain individuals in
pursuing their dreams.
 8. Emotional Considerations
Generally, it is difficult to make a
decision when one is experiencing
some strong emotions such as
anger or sadness. Oftentimes, an
emotionally disturbed individual will
end up deciding on the wrong
thing. Check yourself when you are
deciding on what course to take. It
is always best to be levelheaded
and calm when making these life-
directing decisions.
 SKILLS THAT LEAD TO SUCCESS
By Randal Halsen

1. Do not stop High School – continuous education is one of

the key to success. If you feel tired about the setback that you
have been experienced that affect your studies. Find a way to
continue you education. It will be worth it soon.
2. Finalize College Plans – Self-talk, self-analysis are good ways
to resolve the knot in making your plans. Make a to-do-list when
you are entering to college life. Make your sure that you discuss
your plans with your parents so that there would be no conflict.
Find a university that suits your course. Lastly, make sure of the
course you’re going to take in college.
3. Avoid Senior Slump – Although grades does not measure the
ability or the intelligence of the person. Grades matter in SHS so
it’s better to give your best and aim for higher grades.
 SKILLS THAT LEAD TO SUCCESS
By Randal Halsen

4. Challenge Yourself - experiencing hardships makes you a

better and stronger person when you face it.
5. Stay Involved – As a student, we should participate in extra-
curricular activities that would really help us in enhancing our
skills and to develop our confidence.
6. Strive for Balance – As time goes by our age adds up so our
responsibilities adds up too, we should strive for the balance and
do not focus on one aspect only. Time management is a wise way
to strive a balance life.
7. Set Life and Career Goals – the road to success is not an easy
path just like the road it has humps also that pertains our
difficulties, hardships, and others but set your life in an optimistic
way make your plans in career to reach your goal it may help you
to succeed in life.
ACTIVITY: MY PERSONAL SHIELD
Direction: Draw a symbol in each block of the shield illustrated below to
correspond to the topics listed at the bottom.

1. Something I do well
2. Something I would like to do
3. My greatest character strength
4. My worst character flaw
5. The best compliment I received
6. The worst put down I have gotten
7. My favorite place