BASIC

FIRST AID
First Aid?
Is the immediate assistance or treatment
given to someone before the arrival of
medical staff/ ambulance
Qualities
First Aid?of a first aide:
 ~ Calm
 ~ Confident
 ~ Willing to offer assistance
whenever necessary
 ~ Patience
First A yourself as a first aide
Protecting

Essential to protect yourself from injury and

infection

a) Ensure surroundings are safe

b) Protection from infection
- to prevent “cross infection”
( transmitting germs to a casualty or contracting
an infection yourself)
- wear gloves or wash hands before doing a dressing.
 Aims of a first aide:
3 Ps:
Preserve life

3Ps Prevent injuries/condition

from worsening
Promote recovery
 Preserving life:
1) Control bleeding
2) Treat probable cause of shock
3) Maintain airway in correct position
4) Perform CPR when needed
(no breathing or pulse)
Prevent condition from
worsening:
3 3Ps:
Ps:
3 Ps:
1) Dress wound to prevent infection

3Ps
3Ps
2) Provide comfort to casualty

3Ps
3) Place casualty in a comfortable position
Promote recovery:
1) Relieve casualty from anxiety
2) Encourage confidence and trust
3) Attempt to relieve pain and discomfort
4) Handle casualty gently
5) Protect casualty from cold and wet
 Emergency Hotlines
 Ambulance: 999
998
 Police number: 997
 Fire Brigade:
Dubai Ambulance
Centre

Emergency First Aid

and CPR
 NOTICE
This presentation is not
intended as a substitute for
professional medical care or
the Basic Life Support Training
- First Aid and CPR. All
employees must meet the
training requirements set forth
from Dubai Ambulance Centre.
EMERGENCY FIRST AID
 If you are the first on the scene of accident that
results in an injury or serious illness, you may
be the only link between a victim and
emergency medical care. Your role is to take
action, whether by providing first aid, seeking
medical help or calling 999. Your actions may
improve the victims chance of recovery.
 The following slides will provide specific
information from The American Safety & Health
Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.
BLEEDING
 Apply direct pressure to
the wound (at this time a
direct pressure bandage
may be used)
 Elevate (do not further
harm)
 Pressure Point additional
pressure may be applied to
a pressure point to help
reduce bleeding.
FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS
I-C-E

I - Ice, apply a cold

pack. Do not apply ice
directly to skin.
C - Compress, use
an elastic or conforming
wrap - not too tight.
E - Elevate, above
heart level to control
internal bleeding.
 CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES
I-A-C-T
I - Immobilize area. Use pillows, jackets,
blankets, etc. Stop any movement by
supporting injured area.
A - Activate Emergency Medical Services
(EMS), call 999.
C - Care for shock. See “Care for Shock”
slide.
T - Treat any additional secondary injuries.
POISONING
Assess the scene for clues and
safety.
Get victim away from poison if
necessary.
Provide care for any life
threatening conditions.
Check Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
Notify medical staff or on-call
Doctor.
Call the Poison Control Center
and 999 when necessary.
Heat Exhaustion &
Heatstroke
 Seek emergency medical
assistance immediately
 If casualty is unconscious, place
them in the recovery position
 Remove most of the casualties
clothing and sponge down the
body with a cool and wet cloth
 Ice packs to the head, neck,
armpits, and groin to reduce the
casualties temperature.
 Provide them with cool water to
sip if conscious and able.
Burns
and
Scalds
Burns and scalds

Causes:
 burns – dry  scalds – wet
heat heat
- fire - hot liquids
- hot objects - steam
- electricity
Burns and scalds

What you will see:

 redness
 swelling
 blisters
 charred skin.
Burns and scalds
What you should do: remove any jewellery

 apply a sterile
dressing or cling film
 treat the casualty for
shock if necessary
 seek medical help if
Cold running water 10 necessary.
minutes minimum.
Burns and scalds
Hypothermia
Warm affected areas (warm water)
only as long as there is no
possibility of refreezing
Remove affected areas from water
when return to normal color
Do not rub frostbite or warm with
direct heat (fires)
Place gauze between the frostbite
fingers or toes, and bandage the
affected areas loosely
Seek medical help.
 Some of the more common
symptoms or problems that one
might experience due to allergies include:

Runny nose Ear infections

Burning, watery eyes Chest congestion
Sinus congestion
eyes Coughing
Postnasal
Sinus drip
congestion Headaches
Sore throat
Postnasal drip Fatigue
Skin throat
Sore rash Asthma
Skin rash
(Nutritional Programs for Allergies, E.M. Haas, M.D., [Link]/templates/[Link].)
There are approaches
to handling allergy problems.

The first is to
avoid contact
with substances
that you are
allergic to, if you
know what they
are.
 When you are
exposed to an
allergen (something
that you are allergic
to), one of the
symptoms is an
increase in heart
rate.
(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, [Link]/pulse.)
 The way to do this test is to take
your pulse, at rest, for one minute.
That is your “base” pulse.

(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, [Link]/pulse.)
 When you eat a food that is
suspect or are exposed to a
substance that is suspect, check your
pulse again in 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

If your heart rate accelerates more

than 10 beats per minute over your
base pulse, it indicates that you may
be allergic to that particular
substance.
(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, [Link]/pulse.)
Another method
for handling
allergy problems
is to take
medications to
suppress your
allergy
symptoms.
Bee, Wasps, Scorpion & Ant
Stings
Remove the sting by scraping
sideways using blunt knife or
edge of card.
Place icepack on affected area
to reduce pain.
Apply pressure immobilisation
and seek urgent medical help.
Fish Spine (Stonefish, Stingray)
Control severe bleeding
Immerse wound in hot water
around 45° to reduce pain for
around 30-39 minutes. Repeat
if need be.
Apply ice pack if hot water
doesn’t relieve pain.
Treat for shock
Clean wound by scrubbing with
soap
Apply local antiseptics
Get medical advice.
Common Sea Creatures (Jellyfish and fish)

Immobilise and reassure casualty

and monitor closely.
Do not rub sting area
If casualties breathing or conscious
is impaired, pains develop or if
sting area increases, seek urgent
medical help.
Apply cold pack to reduce pain.
Don’t wash sting area with water
- Pour vinegar over sting area.
CARE FOR SHOCK
 Keep the victim laying down
(if possible).
 Elevate legs 10-12 inches…
unless you suspect a spinal
injury or broken bones.
 Cover the victim to maintain
body temperature.
 Provide the victim with
plenty of fresh air.
 If victim begins to vomit -
place them on their left side.
 Call 999.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
CPR ABC’s

AIRWAY - Open the

airway with the tilt-chin
method.
Breath - give two
breaths.
Check circulation.

 If there is no pulse or
breathing…..(next slide)
CPR Continued

 … Perform chest compressions.

 30 compressions and two breaths.
 Count = 1&2&3&4&5…&30
 Call 999.
RESCUE BREATHING

 1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per

minute.

Compressions : ventilations = 30:2

 REMEMBER!!!
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:
The routine use of appropriate
barrier precautions to prevent skin
and mucous membrane exposure
when contact with blood or other
body fluids of any individual may
occur or is anticipated.
Universal Precautions apply to blood
and to all other body fluids with
potential for spreading any
infections.
 THE END

Division of Youth Corrections

Office of Quality Assurance