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= 1 Introduction Most cooks use recipes. A recipe is a list of ingredients that gives you directions for preparing a specific food. If you know how to follow recipes, then you will be successful in the kitchen. Who knows! You may become a famous chef!
2 Introduction
Successful cooks know:
• How to read a recipe • Abbreviations • Measuring Techniques • Equivalents • How to Change a Recipe
3 What’s in a recipe? A formula! Read the recipe before you cook. The parts of the recipe tell you: • Name • Ingredients • Equipment • Directions • Yield (number of servings) • Sometimes - Nutritional Analysis 4 Parts of a Recipe Name What the recipe is called. A recipe usually includes: Yield Quesadillas Number of (Serves 4 - 2 per person) servings the recipe makes. 8 flour tortillas Ingredients 1 cup grated cheese Food products you need to 1. Heat a frying pan over medium heat. make the recipe. Equipment 1. Place a tortilla in the pan. 2. Sprinkle 1/4 cup cheese on the tortilla. 3. Cover the cheese with another tortilla. Directions 4. Cook about 1 minute, until brown and crisp. Then turn Steps you follow the quesadilla over. Cook until the cheese melts. to make the 5. Place on a serving plate. Cut into pie shaped wedges. recipe. 6. Repeat process with remaining ingredients.
5 What’s an Abbreviation? Understanding the language of recipes takes the guesswork out of cooking. Abbreviation - The shortened form of a word. Abbreviations in measuring units: • Save space on the cookbook page. • Make recipes easier to read.
6 Name the Abbreviations The U.S. uses the English system: • Teaspoon tsp. or t. • Tablespoon Tbsp. or T. • Cup c. • Pint pt. • Quart qt. • Gallon gal. • Ounce/fluid ounce oz./ fl. oz. • Pound lb.
7 Name the Abbreviations Most other countries use the Metric system: • Milliliter ml • Liter L • Grams g • Kilogram kg
8 Name the Abbreviations More abbreviations:
• Dozen doz. • Pound lb. • Inch in. • Second sec. • Minute min. • Hour hr. • Degree • Fahrenheit/Celsius F. / C 9 Name That Utensil Serving spoons & cups vary in size. Only use these standard measuring utensils…
Can you name them?
10 The Right Measuring Utensil What are two ingredients that you’d measure with when using: • measuring spoons? • dry/solid measuring cups? • a liquid measuring cup?
Which measuring utensil would you use to
measure each of these ingredients? • 1 1/3 cups flour • 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder • 1/2 cup milk • 2 tablespoons cooking oil
11 Measuring Liquid Ingredients Liquid ingredients can include: • Milk, water, oil, juice, vanilla extract, etc.
To measure 1/4 cup or more of a
liquid ingredient, use a clear, liquid measuring cup. • Place the cup on level surface and read measurements at eye level.
For smaller amounts use measuring spoons.
• Fill the spoon until a slight dome is visible.
12 Measuring Dry Ingredients A standard set of dry/solid measuring cups is made of four cup sizes.
What amount does each cup measure?
13 Measuring Dry Ingredients Dry ingredients can include: • Flour, sugar, brown sugar, salt, and baking powder.
To measure 1/4 cup or more of a
dry ingredient use a measuring cup.
• Measuring cups generally come
in 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and 1 cup sizes. To measure less than a 1/4 cup use a measuring spoon. • Measuring spoons generally come in 1/4, 1/2, & 1 teaspoon & 1 tablespoon sizes. • To measure 1/8 tsp. measure 1/4 tsp. 14 & then remove half. Measuring Dry Ingredients Measuring flour: • Do not pack the flour into the measuring cup or spoon because you will end up with more flour. Instead, scoop flour into the cup and level with a spatula or knife. Measuring brown sugar: • Pack the brown sugar tightly into the measuring cup or spoon. Once it is packed down, level it with a straight edge or knife. Measuring granulated sugar: • Fill the cup with sugar. Level with the back of a spatula or knife so that sugar is even with top of measuring cup or spoon.
15 Pass the Cup Dry/solid measure check-up: • Which of these amounts is greater? Write the amount. 1/2 cup or 3/4 cup 1/4 cup or 1/3 cup 1/4 cup or 2 Tbsp. 1/2 cup or 1/4 cup 1/4 cup or 3 tsp. 1 1/3 cup or 1 1/4 cup 16 Measuring Solid Ingredients Sticks of butter and margarine have measurements marked on the wrapper. • One stick = 1/2 cup or 8 tablespoons Measure solid fats, such as shortening or peanut butter, in a dry measuring cup. • Pack it into the cup and level it with a spatula. Then use a plastic scraper to remove it from the cup.
17 Measuring Just With Spoons This chart shows some amounts that you’ll often see in recipes. And it shows how to measure those amounts with measuring spoons.
1 Tbsp. 1 tsp. + 1 tsp. + 1 tsp.
3/4 tsp. 1/4 tsp. + 1/4 tsp. + 1/4 tsp.
or 1/2 tsp. + 1/4 tsp.
1/8 tsp. half of 1/4 tsp.
1/8 cup 1 Tbsp. + 1 Tbsp.
18 Basic Equivalents Equivalents are amounts that are equal to each other. • They are useful when you must alter or change a recipe to serve more or less people than the recipe yields. Dry/Liquid equivalents: • Pinch or Dash = less than 1/8 teaspoon • 1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons • 1/4 cup = 4 Tablespoons • 1/3 cup = 5 Tablespoons & 1 teaspoon • 1/2 cup = 8 Tablespoons • 3/4 cup = 12 Tablespoons • 1 cup = 16 Tablespoons 19 Basic Equivalents To help you remember: 1 Tablespoon = 3 t e a spoons There are 3 letters in the word tea and 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon.
22 Equivalents at the Store At the store, many foods are sold by the pint or by the quart. Many recipes will ask you to measure those foods by the cup. Here is a helpful guide: • 1 cup = 1/2 pint • 2 cups = 1 pint • 4 cups = 2 pints • 4 cups = 1 quart • 4 quarts = 1 gallon
23 Equivalents at the Store Answer the following questions with one of these amounts: 1/2 pint 1 pint 1 quart
What size container will you buy if. . .
1. A recipe for salad calls for 2 cups of cottage cheese.?
2. A recipe for a fruit dessert calls for 1 cup of whipping cream? 3. You need 4 cups of milk for a pudding? 4. You need 2 cups of sour cream to make a dip? 5. A recipe for fruit salad says to mix 8 ounces of yogurt with fruit? 24 Putting Cups Together Useful amounts to know: • 2/3 cup = 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup • 3/4 cup = 1/2 cup + 1/4 cup • 1/8 cup = half of 1/4 cup • 1 cup = 1/2 cup + 1/2 cup • 1 cup = 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup + 1/3 cup • 1 cup = 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup + 1/4 cup
How would you measure these amounts?
• 1 1/4 cups • 2/3 cup • 3/4 cup 25 How Do You Measure Up? This recipe for Chocolate Chip Cookies yields 3 dozen. You need to make 6 dozen. Write down the measurements you would use to double this recipe. Use correct abbreviations.
Chocolate Chip Cookies
Yields 3 dozen. 2 1/4 cup flour 3/4 cup brown sugar 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 1/4 teaspoon salt 2 eggs 1 cup margarine 2 cup chocolate chips 3/4 cup sugar
