The Japanese policing system is provided mainly by prefectural police departments overseen by the National Police Agency. There are two types of law enforcement officials: police officers of prefectural police departments that handle regular duties, and specialized officials that deal with specialized fields requiring expertise. The policing system was established in 1874 based on a European civil police model. Today there are approximately 296,700 police personnel across Japan overseen by the National Police Agency. Japan has an extremely low crime rate compared to other nations, which is attributed to factors like low gun ownership, rejection of violence after WWII, low inequality and poverty.
The Japanese policing system is provided mainly by prefectural police departments overseen by the National Police Agency. There are two types of law enforcement officials: police officers of prefectural police departments that handle regular duties, and specialized officials that deal with specialized fields requiring expertise. The policing system was established in 1874 based on a European civil police model. Today there are approximately 296,700 police personnel across Japan overseen by the National Police Agency. Japan has an extremely low crime rate compared to other nations, which is attributed to factors like low gun ownership, rejection of violence after WWII, low inequality and poverty.
The Japanese policing system is provided mainly by prefectural police departments overseen by the National Police Agency. There are two types of law enforcement officials: police officers of prefectural police departments that handle regular duties, and specialized officials that deal with specialized fields requiring expertise. The policing system was established in 1874 based on a European civil police model. Today there are approximately 296,700 police personnel across Japan overseen by the National Police Agency. Japan has an extremely low crime rate compared to other nations, which is attributed to factors like low gun ownership, rejection of violence after WWII, low inequality and poverty.
The Japanese policing system is provided mainly by prefectural police departments overseen by the National Police Agency. There are two types of law enforcement officials: police officers of prefectural police departments that handle regular duties, and specialized officials that deal with specialized fields requiring expertise. The policing system was established in 1874 based on a European civil police model. Today there are approximately 296,700 police personnel across Japan overseen by the National Police Agency. Japan has an extremely low crime rate compared to other nations, which is attributed to factors like low gun ownership, rejection of violence after WWII, low inequality and poverty.
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GROUP 5
JAPAN POLICING SYSTEM
MEMBERS: BERGADO, JHAMBY A. LAPENA, MARIEBEL O. SUMIO, MA. CHRISTINA D. Law enforcement in Japan is provided mainly by the prefectural police departments under the oversight of the National Police Agency, but there are various other law enforcement officials in Japan. The National Police Agency is administered by the National Public Safety Commission, this ensuring that Japan's police are an apolitical body and free of direct central government executive control. They are checked by an independent judiciary and monitored by a free and active press. There are two types of law enforcement officials in Japan, depending on the underlying provision: Police officers of Prefectural Police Departments (prescribed as Judicial police officials under Article 189 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Special judicial police officials prescribed in Article 190 of the same law), dealing with specialized fields with high expertise. HISTORY. The Japanese government established a European-style civil police system in 1874, under the centralized control of the Police Bureau within the Home Ministry, to put down internal disturbances and maintain order during the Meiji Restoration. By the 1880s, the police had developed into a nationwide instrument of government control, providing support for local leaders and enforcing public morality. They acted as general civil administrators, implementing official policies and thereby facilitating unification and modernization. In rural areas especially, the police had great authority and were accorded the same mixture of fear and respect as the village head. Their increasing involvement in political affairs was one of the foundations of the authoritarian state in Japan in the first half of the twentieth century. REGULAR POLICE ORGANIZATION. Prefectural Police Departments are established for each Prefectures and have full responsibility for regular police duties for their area of responsibility. These Prefectural Police Departments are primarily municipal police with their own police authority, but their activities are coordinated by National Police Agency and National Public Safety Commission.
As of 2017, the total strength of the police reached
approximately 296,700 personnel, including 262,500 police officers, 900 Imperial guards and 33,200 civilian staff. Nationwide, there are approximately 23,400 female police officers and 13,000 female civilian staff. National police agency. As the central coordinating body for the entire police system, the National Police Agency determines general standards and policies; detailed direction of operations is left to the lower echelons. In a national emergency or large-scale disaster, the agency is authorized to take command of prefectural police forces. In 1989, the agency was composed of about 1,100 national civil servants, empowered to collect information and to formulate and execute national policies. The agency is headed by a Commissioner General who is appointed by the National Public Safety Commission with the approval of the Prime Minister.
The Central Office includes the Secretariat, with divisions for general operations, planning, information, finance, management, and procurement and distribution of police equipment, and five bureaus. The citizen oversight is provided by the National Public Safety Commission.
As of 2017, the NPA has a strength of 7,800 personnel: 2,100 police officers, 900 Imperial guards and 4,800 civilian staff. One of the Safest Nations in the World Japan is famous for its very low crime rate compare to other countries in the world. Japan has 127 million people yet street crime is almost unheard of; and the use of drugs is minimal compared to other industrialized countries. Also, Japan's homicide rate has been steadily decreasing since the 1950s, and now the country has one of the lowest homicide rates in the world.
Social and Cultural Aspect of Low Homicide Rate of Japan The country's homicide rate is associated with a stable and prosperous society with low inequality and high levels of development. Young Japanese males now commit only a tenth of the homicides committed by their predecessors in 1955, and the age and sex distribution of victims tend to be uniform across age groups. This has been attributed by some researchers to, amongst other factors, extremely low levels of gun ownership (the U.S. saw more than 12,000 firearm-related homicides in 2008, while Japan had only 11), the rejection of violence after the Second World War, the growth of affluence without the accompanying concentrations of poverty common in many highly developed countries, and the stigma of arrest for any crime in Japanese society.
