The document provides an overview of music from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. It describes the performance practices and genres of music during these eras, including monody, operas, oratorios, passions, cantatas, fugues, chorale preludes, suites, sonatas, concerto grossos, solo concertos, and the developing orchestra. It highlights key composers from the Baroque period like Bach and Handel, providing examples of their famous works. The document aims to explain the major characteristics and types of music written during these important periods in history.
The document provides an overview of music from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. It describes the performance practices and genres of music during these eras, including monody, operas, oratorios, passions, cantatas, fugues, chorale preludes, suites, sonatas, concerto grossos, solo concertos, and the developing orchestra. It highlights key composers from the Baroque period like Bach and Handel, providing examples of their famous works. The document aims to explain the major characteristics and types of music written during these important periods in history.
The document provides an overview of music from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. It describes the performance practices and genres of music during these eras, including monody, operas, oratorios, passions, cantatas, fugues, chorale preludes, suites, sonatas, concerto grossos, solo concertos, and the developing orchestra. It highlights key composers from the Baroque period like Bach and Handel, providing examples of their famous works. The document aims to explain the major characteristics and types of music written during these important periods in history.
The document provides an overview of music from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. It describes the performance practices and genres of music during these eras, including monody, operas, oratorios, passions, cantatas, fugues, chorale preludes, suites, sonatas, concerto grossos, solo concertos, and the developing orchestra. It highlights key composers from the Baroque period like Bach and Handel, providing examples of their famous works. The document aims to explain the major characteristics and types of music written during these important periods in history.
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Opening Prayer
Dear God, We open our hearts, minds and souls to worship you. Thank you that today we dwell in your kingdom And live in your presence. Come be with us, inspire us and lead us in our time together. We ask all this in the holy and mighty name of your son Jesus Christ, AMEN. Gentle reminders before we start: 1. Log in to your Schoology account 10 minutes before the time. 2. Wear your uniform during classes. 3. Always turn on your web cam and mute your mic unless told otherwise. 4. If you wish to answer, clarify something or ask any question, you may use the chat box. 5. Do not type unnecessary topics not related to the lesson. 6. Be pro-active during the session. 7. Respect each other. 8. Reconnect immediately if you get disconnected. 9. Attendance will be checked. Music of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Period Intended Learning Outcome
At the end of this lesson we will be able to:
● Describe and explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) during Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods. ● BWV 1001 Fugue by J. S. Bach, performed by Stephanie Jones ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EM6t3iHK1Y&ab_channel=StephanieJones ● Ana Vidovic plays Prelude BWV 998 by J. S. Bach on a classical guitar ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ciSFwdD_gWE&list=RDId0IbHNvknw&index=21&ab_channel =SiccasGuitars
● What can you say about the melody of the song?
● Bach: Invention 4 in D minor (older version) | Cory Hall, pianist-composer ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vtRwfj_Nqc
● J. S. Bach: Two-Part Inventions, BWV 772/786: No. 1, 4, 11 and 8
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asjm4U0pQXc Characteristics of baroque music ● long flowing melodic lines often using ornamentation (decorative notes such as trills and turns) ● contrast between loud and soft, solo and ensemble ● a contrapuntal texture where two or more melodic lines are combined ● terraced dynamics - sudden changes in the volume level, sometimes creating an echo effect ● the use of harpsichord continuo ● a certain spirit of theatricalism ● spectacular music ● over-all grandeur Let’s Watch and Listen
● The Baroque Period | Music History
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otpFHNpC290&ab_channel=L ibertyParkMusic TYPES OF baroque MUSIC MONODY A monody is a single voice line supported by an instrumental bass line, upon which chords were constructed. The voice line followed the natural speech rhythms of the words. This style of writing for the voice (half singing and half reciting) became known as recitative. All the composer wrote down beneath the melody was a bass line to be played by a low stringed instrument, such as a cello. This was called the 'basso continuo', but the composer expected another continuo player on harpsichord, organ or lute, to build up chords upon the bass line. As these chords had to be improvised, the player had to be very skillful. Figures below the notes indicated which chords to play. This is called a figured bass. DRAMATIC MUSIC 1.OPERA The first opera was written in 1597, called 'Dafne', and was composed by Peri. It had choruses, dances and instrumental pieces, all done by a small orchestra. It contained music and drama (i.e. Music-Drama). The first truly great opera was composed by Monteverdi in 1607, and was called 'Orfeo'. The music heightens the dramatic impact. The music and drama blend together well. There was a lot of instrumental ritornello (Italian for return, and means when a section returns). Before each verse of the aria (song), we hear an instrumental ritornello.
TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
DRAMATIC MUSIC 2. ORATORIO Born about the same time as opera, this vocal music was at first very similar to operas. (They had arias, choruses and recitatives) They were acted out with scenery and costumes. The main difference was that an Oratorio was based on a sacred story. Eventually oratorios ceased to acted out, and were given musical presentation only. Handel's Messiah, Samson, Israel and Egypt are all Oratorios. TYPES OF baroque MUSIC DRAMATIC MUSIC 3. PASSION A passion is a special oratorio telling the story of Christ's crucifixion. Besides recitatives, arias and choruses, Bach also included settings of chorales (German hymn tunes.). TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
DRAMATIC MUSIC 4. CANTATA Bach composed more than 200 church cantatas (cantata means sung, sonata means played). These are for soloists and choruses, accompanied by orchestra and continuo, and are like miniature oratorios. A fine example is Number 140, by Bach, based upon the chorale, 'Sleepers, Wake'. TYPES OF baroque MUSIC During the Baroque period, instrumental music became equally as important as vocal music. Fugue 1. A fugue is a contrapuntal piece, based upon the idea of imitation. It is usually written in 3 or 4 parts, called 'voices', and these are referred to as Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass. The detailed structure of a fugue can be rather complicated. The entire piece grows mainly from a single brief tune of strong musical character. This is called the subject. Then it is repeated by the other voices in turn each at its appropriate pitch. The most famous collection is the 48 preludes and fugues by Bach.
What is a Fugue? (Music Appreciation)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAFETgpt9PA&ab_channel=UnderstandingMusic TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
The Chorale Prelude
1. These are usually for organ, and most of them were composed in Germany. It is based on a chorale, could be in Fugal style, or a set of variations. TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
The Suite A suite is a collection of dances for one or more instruments. Many were written for harpsichord. They contain: 1. A German Allemande, in 4/4 time, at a moderate speed. 2. A French Courante, in 3/2 time, at a moderately fast speed (the Italian version is a Corrente). 3. A Spanish Sarabande, in a slow triple time. 4. A Gigue, usually in compound time 5. However, before or after the Gigue a composer might introduce dances such as the minuet (in 3 time, a slow and stately waltz), a bourde, a gavotte or a passepied. Sometimes a suite began with a prelude (opening piece). 6. The pieces were usually in the same key, and in binary form (AB). French composers, however, often wrote in Rondo form (ABACADA etc.) TYPES OF baroque MUSIC Baroque Sonatas 1. Sonata means sounded (to be played.) Many Baroque sonatas were for two violins and continuo (usually cello and harpsichord.) Composers called these trio sonatas (There are only three music lines - the harpsichord plays the figured bass.) A violin was sometimes replaced with a flute or an oboe. There were two types: 2. The Sonata da camera (Chamber sonata: camera is Italian for chamber). These were meant to be played in people's homes. The continuo would be played by harpsichord or lute. 3. The Sonata da chiesa (Church sonata: chiesa is Italian for Church). These were played in churches. The continuo was played by organ. These were far more serious than chamber sonatas. 4. Purcell, Corelli, Bach, Handel, Scarlatti and Couperin all composed sonatas. TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
The Concerto Grosso
1. The word concerto means get together. The idea of opposition and contrast led to two contrasting groups of instruments: A small group of soloists (Usually two violins and a cello), called the concertino, and an orchestra of strings called either the ripieno or the tutti (meaning everyone). TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
The Solo Concerto
1. This grew out of the Concerto Grosso, and has a single instrument solo, and a string orchestra. There are solo sections and tutti sections. The quick movements were often in ritomello form: Tutti 1, Solo 1, Tutti 2, Solo 2, Tutti 3, etc. 2. Vivaldi wrote more than 500 concertos, both concerto grossos and solo concertos, his most famous being 'The Four Seasons’. VIVALDI - Four Seasons - Alexandra Conunova - Orchestre International de Genève https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnDLlajMxyo&ab_channel=BeyondGrooveProductions TYPES OF baroque MUSIC
The Orchestra 1. During the Baroque period, the orchestra started to take shape. The string section became a self-contained unit. To this composers would add other instruments in ones and twos: Flutes, Recorders, Oboes, Bassoons, Horns, and occasionally trumpets and kettle drums. 2. There was still a continuo. There was a lot of contrast, especially in the dynamics. Sometimes there were also echo effects. TYPES OF baroque MUSIC Probably, the Culmination of the Baroque period is represented in the works of two great German masters: Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 – 1750) and George Frederick Handel (1685 – 1759). Unlike the masters of the early 17 th century, Bach and Handel perfected rather than invented forms and styles. Although both were German by birth, their music, taken as a whole, reflects an amazing amalgamation of all national schools and styles – an important factor in their universal greatness. Suggested listening: ''Hallelujah'' chorus, from Händel's Messiah - Mormon Tabernacle Choir https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VI6dsMeABpU&ab_channel=DerHeliand
Handel Water Music: Hornpipe; FestspielOrchester Göttingen, Laurence Cummings, director
Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 in G Major, BWV 1048:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdsyNwUoON0&ab_channel=VoicesofMusic To Wrap It Up ● Characteristics of Baroque music ● Monody ● Dramatic music: ○ Opera ○ Oratorio ○ Passion ○ Cantata ● Instrumental music ○ Fugue ○ Chorale prelude ○ The Suite ○ Baroque Sonatas ■ Sonata da camera ■ Sonata da chiesa ○ Concerto Grosso ○ Solo concerto ● The music of Bach and Handel Self-directed Learning Musical Instruments of the Baroque Period 1. Research on the music of Bach and Handel. 2. Compare and contrast: a. The characters of Bach and Handel b. The kind of music that they composed. c. Their musical style 3. You may use word, pdf, PowerPoint, video or audio format for your output. 4. Upload your output in Schoology. 5. Use your family name as the name of your file. 6. Deadline: September 18, 2021 Closing Prayer
Glory be to the Father,
To the Son and to the Holy Spirit, As it was in the beginning is now and will be forever, Amen.
