8085 Microprocessor
Pin configuration, Architecture
Introduction
Microcomputer A Computer with a microprocessor
as its CPU. Includes memory, I/O etc.
Microprocessor Silicon chip which includes ALU,
register circuits & control circuits
Microcontroller Silicon chip which includes
microprocessor, memory & I/O in a single package.
Definition
The word comes from the combination Micro
and Processor.
The “Microprocessor” is a Programmable device that takes in
numbers, performs arithmetic or logical operations on them
according to the program stored in memory and then produces
other numbers as a result.
To process means to manipulate. It is a general term that describes all
manipulation. Again in this content, it means to perform certain
operations on the numbers that depend on the microprocessor’s design.
Introduction Contd…
8-bit general purpose μp.
It has 40 pins and uses +5V for power.
It can address 64K Byte of memory.
It can run at a maximum frequency of 3 MHz.
Requires +5 v power supply
8085 upward compatible
PIN Configuration
PIN Configuration Contd…
The pins on the chip can be grouped into 6 groups:
Address Bus.
Data Bus.
Control and Status Signals.
Power supply and frequency.
Externally Initiated Signals.
Serial I/O ports.
PIN Configuration Contd…
The Address and Data Bus Systems
The address bus has 8 signal lines A8 – A15 which are unidirectional.
The other 8 address bits are multiplexed (time shared) with the 8 data
bits.
So, the bits AD0 – AD7 are bi-directional and serve as A0 – A7 and
D0 – D7 at the same time.
During the execution of the instruction, these lines carry the
address bits during the early part, then during the late parts of the
execution, they carry the 8 data bits.
In order to separate the address from the data, we can use a latch
to save the value before the function of the bits changes.
Control and Status Signals
There are 4 main control and status signals. These are:
ALE: Address Latch Enable.
1 when the AD0 – AD7 lines have an address
0 when the AD0 – AD7 lines have an data
RD: Read, WR: Write Active low.
IO/M: I/O operation (IO/M=1), Memory operation (IO/M=0) .
S1 and S0 : Status signals kind of operation being performed.
Control and Status Signals Contd…
Frequency Control Signals
There are 3 important pins in the frequency control group.
X0 and X1 are the inputs from the crystal or clock generating
circuit.
The frequency is internally divided by 2.
So, to run the microprocessor at 3 MHz, a clock running at
6 MHz should be connected to the X0 and X1 pins.
CLK (OUT): An output clock pin to drive the clock of the rest of
the system.
Interrupts
Interrupt Signals Contd…
Architecture
Architecture Contd…
Microprocessor consists of:
Control unit: Control microprocessor operations.
ALU: Performs data processing function.
Registers: Provide internal storage to CPU.
Interrupts
System bus
System bus
Wires connecting memory & I/O to microprocessor
Address Bus Unidirectional.
Identifying peripheral or memory
location.
Data Bus Bidirectional
Transferring data
Control Bus Unidirectional
Synchronization signals
Timing signals
Control signal
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic & logic circuits
Accumulator (Part of every arithmetic & logic
operation).
Temporary register (Holds data temporarily during the
execution of the operation. This temporary register is
not accessible by the programmer).
Registers
Registers Contd…
General Purpose Registers
B, C, D, E, H& L(8 bit registers)
Can be used singly
Or can be used as 16 bit register pairs BC, DE, HL
H & L can be used as a data pointer (holds memory address)
Special Purpose Registers
Accumulator(8 bit register)Store 8 bit data
Store the result of an operation
Store 8 bit data during I/O transfer
Stack PointerDataAddress816
Flag register
8 bit register –Status of the µp before/after an operation
S (Sign flag), Z (Zero flag), AC (Auxiliary carry flag), P
(Parity flag) & CY (Carry flag)
Sign Flag Indicates the sign of the accumulator
The sign flag is set if negative (1 –negative)
The sign flag is reset if positive (0 –positive)
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
S Z X AC X P X CY
Flag register Contd…
Zero Flag Is set if result obtained after an operation is 0
Is set following an increment or decrement
operation of that register
Carry Flag Is set if there is a carry or borrow from
arithmetic operation
1011 0011
+ 0100 1101
-------------
1 0000 0000
Flag register Contd…
Auxiliary Carry Flag Is set if there is a carry out of
bit 3
Parity Flag Is set if parity is even
Is cleared if parity is odd
Program Counter(PC)
Control the sequencing of the execution of
instructions.
Holds the address of the next instruction.
Since it holds an address, it must be 16 bits wide.
Stack Pointer(SP)
16-bit register, points into memory.
The stack is an area of memory used to hold data that
will be retrieved soon.
Accessed in a Last In First Out (LIFO) fashion.
De-Multiplexing the Bus AD7–AD0
The high order address is placed on the address bus
and hold for 3 clk periods,
The low order address is lost after the first clk period,
this address needs to be hold however we need to use
latch
The address AD7 –AD0 is connected as inputs to the
latch 74LS373.
The ALE signal is connected to the enable (G) pin of
the latch and the OC –Output control –of the latch is
grounded
Contd…
