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Applets Programming: Enabling Application Delivery Via The Web

The document discusses applets and how they enable application delivery via the web. Some key points: - Applets are small Java programs embedded in web pages that can be transported over the Internet from servers to client computers. They make the web interactive and support application delivery. - Applets have certain restrictions compared to standalone applications for security reasons, such as not being able to access local files or communicate with other servers. - The document provides examples of how to build, embed, pass parameters to, and make interactive simple "Hello World" style applets. It also discusses the applet lifecycle and how applets are initialized, run, displayed, stopped, and destroyed.

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Tanuj Bhardwaj
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views27 pages

Applets Programming: Enabling Application Delivery Via The Web

The document discusses applets and how they enable application delivery via the web. Some key points: - Applets are small Java programs embedded in web pages that can be transported over the Internet from servers to client computers. They make the web interactive and support application delivery. - Applets have certain restrictions compared to standalone applications for security reasons, such as not being able to access local files or communicate with other servers. - The document provides examples of how to build, embed, pass parameters to, and make interactive simple "Hello World" style applets. It also discusses the applet lifecycle and how applets are initialized, run, displayed, stopped, and destroyed.

Uploaded by

Tanuj Bhardwaj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Applets Programming

Enabling Application Delivery Via the


Web
Introduction
 Applets are small Java programs that
are embedded in Web pages.
 They can be transported over the
Internet from one computer (web
server) to another (client computers).
 They transform web into rich media
and support the delivery of
applications via the Internet.

2
Applet: Making Web Interactive and
Application Delivery Media
1 2 3 4 5
APPLET hello.class Create Accessing The browser
Development AT SUN’S Applet from creates
“hello.java” WEB tag in Your Organisation a new
AT SERVER HTML window and
SUN.COM document a new thread
and
then runs the
code

Hello Java
<app=
“Hello”> The Internet
Hello

3
How Applets Differ from
Applications
 Although both the Applets and stand-alone applications
are Java programs, there are certain restrictions are
imposed on Applets due to security concerns:
 Applets don’t use the main() method, but when they are
load, automatically call certain methods (init, start, paint,
stop, destroy).
 They are embedded inside a web page and executed in
browsers.
 They cannot read from or write to the files on local
computer.
 They cannot communicate with other servers on the
network.
 They cannot run any programs from the local computer.
 They are restricted from using libraries from other
languages.

4
Building Applet Code: An Example
//HelloWorldApplet.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet {


public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString ("Hello World of Java!",25, 25);
}
}

5
Embedding Applet in Web Page
<HTML>

<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<body>
<h1>Hi, This is My First Java Applet on the Web!</h1>
<APPLET CODE="HelloWorldApplet.class" width=500 height=400>
</APPLET>
</body>

</HTML>

6
Accessing Web page (runs
Applet)

7
Applet Life Cycle
 Every applet inherits a set of default behaviours from the Applet class. As a
result, when an applet is loaded, it undergoes a series of changes in its state.
The applet states include:

 Initialisation – invokes init()


 Running – invokes start()
 Display – invokes paint()
 Idle – invokes stop()
 Dead/Destroyed State – invokes
destroy()

8
Applet States
 Initialisation – invokes init() – only once
 Invoked when applet is first loaded.
 Running – invokes start() – more than once
 For the first time, it is called automatically by the system after
init() method execution.
 It is also invoked when applet moves from idle/stop() state to
active state. For example, when we return back to the Web
page after temporary visiting other pages.
 Display – invokes paint() - more than once
 It happens immediately after the applet enters into the running
state. It is responsible for displaying output.
 Idle – invokes stop() - more than once
 It is invoked when the applet is stopped from running. For
example, it occurs when we leave a web page.
 Dead/Destroyed State – invokes destroy() - only once
 This occurs automatically by invoking destroy() method when
we quit the browser.

9
Applet Life Cycle Diagram
init()
Begin Born
stop()
start()

Running Idle

destroy()
paint() start()

Dead End

10
Passing Parameters to Applet
<HTML>

<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<body>
<h1>Hi, This is My First Communicating Applet on the Web!</h1>
<APPLET
CODE="HelloAppletMsg.class" width=500 height=400>
<PARAM NAME="Greetings" VALUE="Hello Friend, How are you?">
</APPLET>

</body>

</HTML>

11
Applet Program Accepting
Parameters
//HelloAppletMsg.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class HelloAppletMsg extends Applet {

String msg;

public void init()


{
msg = getParameter("Greetings");
if( msg == null)
msg = "Hello";
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString (msg,10, 100);
}
}
This is name of parameter specified in PARAM tag
This method returns the value of paramter.
12
HelloAppletMsg.html

13
What happen if we don’t pass
parameter?
<HTML>

<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<body>
<h1>Hi, This is My First Communicating Applet on the Web!</h1>
<APPLET
CODE="HelloAppletMsg.class" width=500 height=400>
</APPLET>

</body>

</HTML>

14
getParameter() returns null. Some
default value may be used.

15
Displaying Numeric Values
//SumNums.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class SumNums extends Applet {


public void paint(Graphics g) {
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 20;
int sum = num1 + num2;

String str = "Sum: "+String.valueOf(sum);


g.drawString (str,100, 125);
}
}

16
SunNums.html
<HTML>

<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Hello World Applet
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<body>
<h1>Sum of Numbers</h1>
<APPLET CODE="SumNums.class" width=500 height=400>
</APPLET>
</body>

</HTML>

17
Applet – Sum Numbers

18
Interactive Applets
 Applets work in a graphical environment.
Therefore, applets treats inputs as text
strings.
 We need to create an area on the screen in
which user can type and edit input items.
 We can do this using TextField class of the
applet package.
 When data is entered, an event is
generated. This can be used to refresh the
applet output based on input values.
19
Interactive Applet Program..(cont)
//SumNumsInteractive..java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class SumNumsInteractive extends Applet {


TextField text1, text2;
public void init()
{
text1 = new TextField(10);
text2 = new TextField(10);
text1.setText("0");
text2.setText("0");
add(text1);
add(text2);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
int num1 = 0;
int num2 = 0;
int sum;
String s1, s2, s3;

g.drawString("Input a number in each box ", 10, 50);


try {
s1 = text1.getText();
num1 = Integer.parseInt(s1);
s2 = text2.getText();
num2 = Integer.parseInt(s2);
}
catch(Exception e1)
{}

20
Interactive Applet Program.
sum = num1 + num2;
String str = "THE SUM IS: "+String.valueOf(sum);
g.drawString (str,100, 125);
}
public boolean action(Event ev, Object obj)
{
repaint();
return true;
}
}

21
Interactive Applet Execution

22
UserIn.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class UserIn extends Applet implements ActionListener


{
TextField txt1,txt2,txt3;
Button high;
String large="0";

public void init()


{
txt1= new TextField(8);
txt2= new TextField(8);
txt3= new TextField(8);

txt1.setText("0");
txt2.setText("0");
txt3.setText("0");

high=new Button("highest");
high.addActionListener(this);

add(txt1);
add(txt2);
add(txt3);
add(high);
}

23
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int x=0,y=0,z=0;
String s1,s2,s3;

g.drawString("input a number in each text box", 10,50);

try
{
s1=txt1.getText();
s2=txt2.getText();
s3=txt3.getText();

x=Integer.parseInt(s1);
y=Integer.parseInt(s2);
z=Integer.parseInt(s3);
}

catch(Exception e){}

if(x>y && x>z)


large=String.valueOf(x);
if(y>x && y>z)
large=String.valueOf(y);
if(z>y && z>x)
large=String.valueOf(z);

g.drawString("the largest number is:", 10,75);


g.drawString(large,200,75);
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)


{repaint();
}
}

24
UserIn.html
<html>
<body>
<applet code=UserIn.class
width= 400
height=400>
</applet>
</body>
</html>

25
26
Exercise
 What are applets?
 Differentiate between applet and application
program.
 What are local and remote applets?
 How do applets differ from applications?
 Diagramatically explain Life cycle of applet
 How to design applets?
 How to execute applets?
 How to provide interactive inputs?

27

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