Unit 1
AI-enhanced title and description
Java Applets Applet• Small Java applications that can be accessed on an Internet server, transported over Internet, and can be automatically installed and run as a part of a web document.• Extends the java.applet.Applet class.• Does not have any main() method.• Viewed using JVM. Applet• To run the applet: – Plug-in of the Web browser. – Separate runtime environment (appletviewer).• Designed to be embedded within an HTML page.• When a user views an HTML page that contains an applet, the code for the applet is downloaded to the user's machine. Applet v/s Application Applet ApplicationIt requires some third party tool like a It called as stand-alone application asbrowser to execute. application can be executed from command prompt.In applet main() method is not present. In application main() method is present.It cannot access anything on the system It can access any data or softwareexcept browser’s services. available on the system.It requires highest security for the system It does not require any security.as they are untrusted.Applet starts execution after init() Applications start execution after main()method. method.Security Manager provided by Browser. No default Security Manager. All code isRemote code is untrusted. trusted by default.Lifecycle controlled by Browser. Lifecycle controlled by JRE. Local Applet v/s Remote Applet Local Applet Remote AppletIt is developed and stored in local system. It is developed and stored on remote system.The web page will search the local system The web page will require an internetdirectories, find the local applet and connection to locate and load the remoteexecute it. applet from the remote computer.Execution of local applet does not require Execution of remote applet must requireinternet connection. internet connection.Example: Example:<applet codebase="path" <applet codebase="URL "code="xyz.class" width=120 height=120 > code="xyz.class" width=120 height=120 ></applet> </applet>path = Path of an applet on local system. URL = Url at which applet is located. Applet Life Cycle Applet Life Cycle• 5 stages: – init(), start(), paint(), stop(), destroy()• Methods called automatically whenever required for the execution of the applet.• Methods are defined in java.applet.Applet class except paint() method.• paint() is defined in java.awt.Component class. Applet Life Cycle• init(): – Used to initialize the Applet. – Invoked only once. – Called before all the other methods.• start(): – Automatically called after the browser call the init method. – Also called whenever the user returns to the page containing the applet. – Can be called repeatedly in the same applet. Applet Life Cycle• stop(): – Called when an applet comes in idle state either implicitly or explicitly. – Implicitly stopped when we leave the page containing the currently running applet. – Explicitly stopped when we call stop() method to stop its execution. – Can be called repeatedly in the same applet. Applet Life Cycle• destroy(): – Called when the browser shuts down normally. – Called only once. – Called just before an applet object is removed from the memory. Applet Life Cycle• paint(): – Invoked immediately after the start() method. – Also, any time the applet needs to repaint itself. – Provides Graphics class object that can be used for drawing oval, rectangle etc. Applet Life Cycle Exampleimport java.awt.*;import java.applet.*;public class AppletMethods extends Applet{ String msg; public void init() { msg = "Inside init method ----"; } public void start() { msg += " Inside start method ---"; } Applet Life Cycle Example public void paint(Graphics g) { showStatus(“Painting”); g.drawString(msg, 20, 10); } public void stop() { msg += "Inside stop method ----"; } public void destroy() { msg += "Inside destroy method ----"; }} Run an Applet• Two ways to run an applet : – Using HTML file. – Using AppletViewer tool. Using HTML File// Demo.java //Applet.htmlimport java.applet.Applet; <html>import java.awt.Graphics; <body>public class Demo extends Applet <applet code="Demo.class"{ width="300" height="300"> public void paint(Graphics g) </applet> { </body> g.drawString("welcome",200,200); </html> }} Using Appletviewer Tool// Demo.javaimport java.applet.Applet;import java.awt.Graphics;/*<applet code="Demo.class" width="300" height="300"></applet>*/public class Demo extends Applet{ public void paint(Graphics g) On Command Prompt: { > javac Demo.java g.drawString("welcome",200,200); > appletviewer Demo.java }} Other Applet MethodsMethod Descriptionvoid setBackground (Color colorname) Set Background of an applet.void setForeground (Color colorname) Set Foreground of an applet.void showStatus (String str) To display status message in the status bar.URL getDocumentBase() Returns the URL of the HTML document that invokes the applet.URL getCodeBase() Returns the URL associated with the invoking applet.String getAppletInfo( ) Returns a string that describes the applet.void resize(int width, int height) Resizes the applet according to the dimensions specified by width and height. Applet Tag• Used for embedding a Java applet within an HTML document.• Syntax: (Attribute in square brackets are optional.) < APPLET [CODEBASE = codebaseURL] CODE = appletFile [ALT = alternateText] [NAME = appletInstanceName] WIDTH = pixels HEIGHT = pixels [ALIGN = alignment] [VSPACE = pixels] [HSPACE = pixels] > [< PARAM NAME = AttributeName VALUE = AttributeValue>] [< PARAM NAME = AttributeName2 VALUE = AttributeValue>] . . . [HTML Displayed in the absence of Java] </APPLET> Applet Tag AttributesAttribute Value DescriptionCODEBASE url URL of the directory or folder that contains the applet code.CODE .Class file Name of the file that contains the applet's compiled Applet subclass.ALT alternateText It specifies any text that should be displayed if the browser understands the APPLET tag but can't run Java applets.NAME appletInstance It specifies a name for the applet instance, which makes it possible for Name applets on the same page to find (and communicate with) each other.WIDTH pixels It givea the initial width (in pixels) of the applet display area.HEIGHT pixels It give a the initial height (in pixels) of the applet display area.ALIGN alignment It specifies the alignment of the applet.VSPACE pixels It specifies the number of pixels above and below the appletHSPACE pixels It specifies the number of pixels on each side of the appletPARAM Attribute Name The PARAM tag allows you to specify applet-specific arguments in anNAME and and Value HTML page. Applets access their attributes with the getParameter( )VALUE method. Passing Parameters to Applet//AppletParameter.java //AppletParameter.html <HTML>import java.applet.*; <HEAD>import java.awt.*; <TITLE> Java Applet Example</TITLE>public class AppletParameter extends Applet{ </HEAD> public String myString; <BODY> public void init() <APPLET CODE = { "AppletParameter.class" myString = getParameter("Hello"); WIDTH="400" HEIGHT="50"> } <PARAM NAME="Hello" VALUE="Hello, public void paint(Graphics g) Welcome to Java World :)" > { g.setColor(Color.red); </APPLET> g.drawString(myString, 20, 20); </BODY> } </HTML>}