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Sets Use "Curly" Brackets Sets Are Denoted by Capital Letters

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vctrya 0410

Sets are collections of distinct objects denoted by capital letters within curly brackets. Order does not matter in sets and elements are not repeated. The number of elements in a set is represented by n(A) or |A|. A subset is a set where all elements are also elements of another set. The empty set, denoted by ∅, contains no elements and is a subset of all other sets. The number of possible subsets of a set with n elements is 2^n. Venn diagrams use overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships such as unions, intersections, complements and disjoint sets.

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Sets Use "Curly" Brackets Sets Are Denoted by Capital Letters

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vctrya 0410
22 views9 pages
Sets are collections of distinct objects denoted by capital letters within curly brackets. Order does not matter in sets and elements are not repeated. The number of elements in a set is represented by n(A) or |A|. A subset is a set where all elements are also elements of another set. The empty set, denoted by ∅, contains no elements and is a subset of all other sets. The number of possible subsets of a set with n elements is 2^n. Venn diagrams use overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships such as unions, intersections, complements and disjoint sets.

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Sets are collections of distinct objects denoted by capital letters within curly brackets. Order does not matter in sets and elements are not repeated. The number of elements in a set is represented by n(A) or |A|. A subset is a set where all elements are also elements of another set. The empty set, denoted by ∅, contains no elements and is a subset of all other sets. The number of possible subsets of a set with n elements is 2^n. Venn diagrams use overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships such as unions, intersections, complements and disjoint sets.

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© All Rights Reserved
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22 views9 pages

Sets Use "Curly" Brackets Sets Are Denoted by Capital Letters

Uploaded by

vctrya 0410
Sets are collections of distinct objects denoted by capital letters within curly brackets. Order does not matter in sets and elements are not repeated. The number of elements in a set is represented by n(A) or |A|. A subset is a set where all elements are also elements of another set. The empty set, denoted by ∅, contains no elements and is a subset of all other sets. The number of possible subsets of a set with n elements is 2^n. Venn diagrams use overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships such as unions, intersections, complements and disjoint sets.

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SETS

Sets are denoted by


Capital letters Sets use “curly” brackets

A = {1, 3, 2, 5}
n(A) = | A | = 4

The number of elements


in Set A is 4
3 A
7A 7 is not an element of A
3 is an element of A
A set is a distinct collection of objects. The objects are
called elements.
Order does not matter. If a set
{1, 2, 3, 4} = {2, 3, 1, 4} contains the same elements as
another set, the sets are equal.
{1,3,2,2,3,3,
{1, 5}5, 2}
5} In ascending
We order
never repeat elements in a set.

This symbol means "is a subset of"

AB This is read "A is a subset of B".


A = {1, 2, 3} B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
If a set doesn't contain any elements it is called the
empty set or the null set. It is denoted by  or { }.
NOT {} 
It is agreed that the empty set is a subset of all other sets
so:

 A where A is any set.

List all of the subsets of {1, 2, 3}.

 {1} {2} {3} {1, 2} {1, 3} {2, 3} {1, 2, 3}

Notice the empty


set is NOT in set
brackets.
Number of Possible Subsets Total Number of
Elements in Set Possible Subsets

1. {A} {A}   2

2. {A , B} {A , B} {A} {B}   4

3. {A , B , C} {A , B , C} {A , B} {A , C} 8
{B , C} {A} {B} {C}

4. {A , B , C, D} {A , B , C , D} {A , B , C}
{A , B , D} {A , C , D} ?
16
{B , C , D} {A , B} {A , C}
{A , D} {A , B} …… {D} 

2
The number of possible subsets of a set of size n is ? n
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = {1, 3, 5, 7,
9} Remember we do
AB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9} not list elements
more than once.
This is the union symbol. It means the set that consists of all
elements of set A and all elements of set B.

AB = {1, 3, 5}

This is the intersect symbol. It means the set


containing all elements that are in both A and B.
These sets can be visualized with circles in what is called a
Venn Diagram.

A
A B
B A B

AB AB
Everything that is in Everything that is in
A or B. A AND B.
Often will have a set that contains all elements that we
wish to consider. This is called the universal set. All other
sets are subsets of this set.
AB=
Universal Set There are no
elements in
AA BA both A and B.
When this is
the case they
are called
disjoint sets.

This means the complement of A, and


A means the set of all elements in the
universal set that are not in A.
100 people were surveyed. 52 people in a survey owned a
cat. 36 people owned a dog. 24 did not own a dog or cat.
Draw a Venn diagram.

universal set is 100 people surveyed Since 24


52 + 36 = 88 so
did not own
there must be
a dog or
88 - 76 = 12 24
C D cat, there
people that own 12
40 24 must be 76
both a dog and
that do.
a cat.

n(C  D) = 76
Set C is the cat owners and Set D is the dog
owners. The sets are NOT disjoint. Some
people could own both a dog and a cat. This n means the
Counting Formula: number of elements
in the set
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A  B)
Acknowledgement

I wish to thank Shawna Haider from Salt Lake Community College, Utah
USA for her hard work in creating this PowerPoint.

www.slcc.edu

Shawna has kindly given permission for this resource to be downloaded


from www.mathxtc.com and for it to be modified to suit the Western
Australian Mathematics Curriculum.

Stephen Corcoran
Head of Mathematics
St Stephen’s School – Carramar
www.ststephens.wa.edu.au

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