The document discusses several social issues related to the internet and technology, including privacy, freedom of speech, and copyright. It covers topics like anonymous remailers, censorship, and the battle between technology companies and Hollywood over intellectual property protection.
The document discusses several social issues related to the internet and technology, including privacy, freedom of speech, and copyright. It covers topics like anonymous remailers, censorship, and the battle between technology companies and Hollywood over intellectual property protection.
Original Description:
Social Issues are regarding the Cyber Bullying, Identing Theft, Education and etc.,
The document discusses several social issues related to the internet and technology, including privacy, freedom of speech, and copyright. It covers topics like anonymous remailers, censorship, and the battle between technology companies and Hollywood over intellectual property protection.
The document discusses several social issues related to the internet and technology, including privacy, freedom of speech, and copyright. It covers topics like anonymous remailers, censorship, and the battle between technology companies and Hollywood over intellectual property protection.
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SOCIAL ISSUES
THE INTERNET AND ITS SECURITY
TECHNOLOGY
MRS.R.SHANTHI PRABHA M.SC.,
M.PHIL., ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SOCIAL ISSUES
The Internet and its security technology is an area
where social issues, public policy, and technology meet head on, often with huge consequences. Below we will just briefly examine three areas: privacy, freedom of speech, and copyright. Needless to say, we can only scratch the surface. For additional reading, see Anderson (2008a), Garfinkel with Spafford (2002), and Schneier (2004). The Internet is also full of material. Just type words such as ‘‘privacy,’’ ‘‘censorship,’’ and ‘‘copyright’’ into any search engine. . The issues come up when newsgroups are set up on issues that people essentially care about, like politics, religion, or sex.
Furthermore, messages could not be limited to
text. High-resolution color photographs and even short video clips can easily be transmitted over communication and computer networks.
Another social issue area is employee rights as opposed to an employer’s rights. A lot of people write and read an e-mail at work. Many employers have applied for the right to read and perhaps censor employee communications, as well as messages sent from a personal computer after work. All the employees do not agree with this.
social issues generated as a direct result of
technological advances. In the interests of balance, it is important to analyse these and assess the severity of their impact so that steps can be taken to better understand and combat the negative effects. CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL ISSUES Communication Breakdown Defamation of Character Identity Theft Cyber Bullying Gaming Addiction Privacy Health & Fitness Education Terrorism & Crime Sexuality PRIVACY
In the 18th century, for the government to search a
citizen’s papers, it had to send out a policeman on a horse to go to the citizen’s farm demanding to see certain documents. It was a cumbersome procedure. Nowadays, telephone companies and Internet providers readily provide wiretaps when presented with search warrants. It makes life much easier for the policeman and there is no danger of falling off a horse. Cryptography changes all that. Anybody who goes to the trouble of downloading and installing Fourth, people may wish to discuss alcoholism, mental illness, sexual harassment, child abuse, or being a member of a persecuted minority in a newsgroup without having to go public. Numerous other examples exist, of course. In the 1990s, some critics of a nontraditional religious group posted their views to a USENET newsgroup via an anonymous remailer. These new remailers, often called cypherpunk remailers, work as follows. The user produces an email message, complete with RFC 822 headers (encrypts it with the remailer’s public key, and sends it to the remailer. ANONYMOUS REMAILERS First, political dissidents living under authoritarian regimes often wish to communicate anonymously to escape being jailed or killed.
Second, wrongdoing in many corporate, educational,
governmental, and other organizations has often been exposed by whistleblowers, who frequently prefer to remain anonymous to avoid retribution.
Third, people with unpopular social, political, or religious
views may wish to communicate with each other via email or newsgroups without exposing themselves These new remailers, often called cypherpunk remailers, work as follows.
The user produces an email message, complete with
RFC 822 headers (except From:, of course), encrypts it with the remailer’s public key, and sends it to the remailer.
There the outer RFC 822 headers are stripped off, the content is decrypted and the message is remailed. FREEDOM OF SPEECH Privacy relates to individuals wanting to restrict what other people can see about them.
A second key social issue is freedom of speech, and its
opposite, censorship, which is about governments wanting to restrict what individuals can read and publish.
With the Web containing millions and millions of pages,
it has become a censor’s paradise. Material inappropriate for children or teenagers.
Hate aimed at various ethnic, religious, sexual or other
groups.
Information about democracy and democratic values.
Accounts of historical events contradicting the
government’s version.
Manuals for picking locks, building weapons,
encrypting messages, etc. STEGANOGRAPHY
In countries where censorship abounds, dissidents often
try to use technology to evade it. Cryptography allows secret messages to be sent but if the government. Anonymous remailers can help, but if they are banned domestically and messages to foreign ones require a government export license, they cannot help much. But the Web can. The science of hiding messages is called steganography, COPYRIGHT Privacy and censorship are just two areas where technology meets public policy.
A third one is the copyright law. Copyright is granting
to the creators of IP (Intellectual Property), including writers, poets, artists, composers, musicians, photographers, cinematographers, choreographers, and others.
The exclusive right to exploit their IP for some period of
time, typically the life of the author plus 50 years or 75 years in the case of corporate ownership. After the copyright of a work expires, it passes into the public domain and anyone can use or sell it as they wish
The Gutenberg Project (www.promo.net/pg), for
example, has placed thousands of public-domain works (e.g., by Shakespeare, Twain, and Dickens) on the Web.
In 1998, the U.S. Congress extended copyright in the
U.S. by another 20 years at the request of Hollywood, which claimed that without an extension nobody would create anything any more. There is a huge battle going on now between Hollywood and the computer industry.
The former wants stringent protection of all intellectual property
but the latter does not want to be Hollywood’s policeman.
In October 1998, Congress passed the DMCA (Digital
Millennium Copyright Act)
A related issue is the extent of the fair use doctrine, which has been established by court rulings in various countries.
This doctrine says that purchasers of a copyrighted work have
certain limited rights to copy the work, including the right to quote parts of it for scientific purposes,
