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Digital Signal Processing

1) Digital signal processing deals with discrete time systems and discrete time signals. 2) Elementary discrete time signals include the unit sample, unit step, ramp, and exponential signals. 3) Discrete time signals can be manipulated through time shifting, time folding, time scaling (downsampling), addition, and multiplication. 4) An accumulator is an example of a discrete time system where the output at each time step is the sum of the previous output and current input.

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Ryan Reas
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137 views17 pages

Digital Signal Processing

1) Digital signal processing deals with discrete time systems and discrete time signals. 2) Elementary discrete time signals include the unit sample, unit step, ramp, and exponential signals. 3) Discrete time signals can be manipulated through time shifting, time folding, time scaling (downsampling), addition, and multiplication. 4) An accumulator is an example of a discrete time system where the output at each time step is the sum of the previous output and current input.

Uploaded by

Ryan Reas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Signal Processing

(Discrete Time System)


Ryan D. Reas
ECE Department
Eastern Visayas State University
Discrete Time Signal

 Discrete Time System


May consist of a mathematical expression or a rule which
explicitly defines between input and output.
Discrete Time Signal
4
x(n)
3

0
n
-1

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Elementary Discrete Time Signals
 Unit Sample Signal (Impulse Signal)
x(n)

n
0 1 2 3 4

 Unit Step Signal


x(n)

n
0 1 2 3 4 5
Elementary Discrete Time Signals
 Ramp Signal
x(n)

n
0 1 2 3 4

 Exponential Signal
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Time Shifting (Transformation)
x(n) x(n-1)

TD
1 2 3 4 5 n Delay
1 2 3 4 5 n

x(n)
x(n-4)
TD
1 2 3 4 5 n Delay
1 2 3 4 5 n
x(n) x(n+3)
TA
1 2 3 4 5 n Advance -3 -2 -1 1 2 n
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Time Folding (Transformation)
x(n) x(-n)

FD
1 2 3 4 5 n FOLD
n -4 -3 -2 -1

x(n)
x(-n)
FD
1 2 3 4 5 n FOLD
-3 -2 -1 n
x(n) x(n+3)
FD
1 2 3 4 5 n FOLD -3 -2 -1 1 2 n
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Time Shifting Then Time Folding (Transformation)

x(n) x(n-k) x(-n-k)


TD FD
x(n) Delay x(n-3) FOLD x(-n-k)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Time Shifting Then Time Folding (Transformation)

x(n) x(n-k) x(-n-k)


FD TD
x(-n+k)
x(n) Delay FOLD
x(-n)

1 2 3 4 5 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -2 -1 1 2 3
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Time Scaling (Down Sampling)
x(n) x(an)
TS
x(n) x(2n)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x(n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x(n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2n 0 2 4 6 2n 0 3 6 9
x(2n) 0 2 4 6 x(3n) 0 3 6
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Addition

x2(n) y(n)

x2(n)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
y(n)

x1(n) x1(n)
n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5
x1(n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x2(n) 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
y(n) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Multiplication

x2(n) y(n)

x2(n) 1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3 4 y(n)

x1(n)
x1(n)
1 2 3 4 5 n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x1(n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x2(n) -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
y(n) 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
Manipulation of Discrete Time Signals
 Multiplication

x (n)

x (n)
a
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x (n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
y(n) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Discrete Time System
 Accumulator

x(n) x(n) y(n)


T y (n)

Accumulator

1 2 3 4 5 n 1 2 3 4 5
x(n) = { 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1} y(n) = { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …}

@n=0 @n=3
y(0) = 0, x(n) = 1 y(3) = 3, x(3) = 1
y(3) =y(2) + x(3) = 2 + 1 = 3
@n=1
y(1) = 1, x(1) = 1 @ n =4
y(4) = 4, x(3) = 1
@ n =2 y(4) =y(3) + x(4) = 3 + 1 = 4
y(2) = 2, x(2) = 1
y(2) =y(1) + x(2) = 1 + 1 = 2
Discrete Time System
 Accumulator

x(n) x(n) y(n)


T y (n)

Accumulator

1 2 3 4 5 n 1 2 3 4 5
x(n) = { 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1} y(n) = { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …}

x(n) y(n)
n 1
y n   x k   x n y  1  1

y(n-1) TD k 

y  n   y  n  1  x  n  y  1  1
Discrete Time System
 Accumulator

y(n) = y(n-1) + x(n)

1 2 3 4 5
TD
x(n) = { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …} y(-1) = 1
@n=0 @n=3
y(0) =y(-1) + x(0) = 1 + 0 = 1 y(3) =y(2) + x(3) = 4 + 3 = 7
@n=1 @n=4
y(1) =y(0) + x(1) = 1 + 1 = 2 y(4) =y(3) + x(4) = 7 + 4 = 11
@n=2 @n=5
y(2) =y(1) + x(2) = 2 + 2 = 4 y(5) =y(4) + x(5) = 11 + 5 = 16
Discrete Time System
 Accumulator
y(n) = y(n-1) + x(n)

x(n) = { 0 1 2 3 4 5 } y(n) = { 1 2 4 7 11 16}

TD
y(-1) = 1

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