21st Century
Literature
in The Phil. And Around
The World
2
○ Grasp what literature is within the
This Session’s
aspects of humankind.
Agenda
○ Familiarize the branches of literature.
○ Distinguish significant events throughout
the history of Philippines literature.
3
Spanish Colonial
Period
4
Spanish Colonial ○ The Spanish colonial strategy was to
undermine the native oral tradition by
Period
substituting for it the story of the Passion of
(Significant Events)
Christ.
○ The church authorities adopted a policy of
spreading the Church doctrines by
communicating to the native.
5
○ Liberal ideas and an internationalism
Spanish Colonial
influenced Filipino intellectuals and writers
Period for them to understand the meanings of
(Significant Events) "liberty and freedom.“
○ Literature during this time may be classified
by religious prose and poetry and secular
prose and poetry.
Secular Religious
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Poetry/Prose Prose/Poetry/Drama
Spanish
Colonial
Period Awit
Doctirna
Christiana
(Literary Works )
Dalit /
Kondo
Pasyon
Ejemplo, Senakulo,
Dialogo, Komedya,
Tratado Sarswela
7
○ Awit & Korido
Secular
Popular metrical romance poems that
Poetry & Prose revolves around colourful tales of chivalry.
These are made for singing and chanting.
Samples Works:
“Ibong Adarna” & “Florante at Laura”
8
○ Ejemplo, Dialogo, & Tratado
Secular
Poetry & Prose Prose narratives to describe proper decorum.
Sample Works:
Modesto de Castro's "Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini
na si Urbana at si Feliza“
(Correspondence between the Two Maidens Urbana
and Feliza)
9
○ Doctirna Christiana
Religious
Prose
A prayer book originally printed in 1593,
this had both Spanish and Tagalog texts. This paved
the birth of Ladinos (writers who are proficient in local
and foreign tongues.)
10
○ Dalit / Pasyon
Religious Religious lyrics which are meditative verses
Poetry attached to novenas and catechisms. It has no fixed
meter nor rhyme scheme. Both have solemn tone and
spiritual subject matter.
Sample Works:
Gaspar Aquino de Belen's "Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu
Christong Panginoon natin na tola" (Holy Passion of Our Lord
Jesus Christ in Verse) 1704 is the country's earliest
known pasyon.
11
○ Senakulo, Komedya, Sarswela
Religious Senakulo is a dramatization of the pasyon (Christ’s
Drama Passion and Death).
Komedya (moro-moro) in the form of medieval ballads
which focuses on battles between Christians and
Muslims.
Sarswela a musical theater that alternates through
sung and spoken scenes.
12
Gaspar Aquino de Belen
Notable Authors
○ A Filipino poet and
translator
○ Authored the 1704
rendition of the Pasyon
13
Notable Authors Jose de la Cruz
(1746 – 1829)
○ Proponent of
Komedya
○ Known as “Huseng
Sisiw.”
14
Francisco Baltazar
(1788 – 1862)
Notable Authors
○ Known as Balagtas, the
master of traditional
Tagalog poetry.
○ Can code switch
○ Authored “Florante at
Laura.”
15
○ This include religion, specifically Christianity, and
Spanish Period European traditions.
Literary
Styles & Themes ○ Grammar books in Tagalog were also published
at that time period.
○ Religious songs were sung (The Passion) while
some were prayers that believers chant in
church.
16
Revolutionary
Sub-Period
17
Revolutionary ○ Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe
called ilustrados began to write about the
Period
downside of colonization.
(Significant Events)
○ The formation of the Propaganda Movement
where prose works such as the political essays
and political novels.
18
Revolutionary Political
Period Essays
(Literary Works)
Political
Novels
19
Political Essays
Propaganda Satires, editorials and news articles
Literature were written to attack and expose the evils
of Spanish rule; helped inflame the spirit of
revolution
20
The content directly criticizes an
Political Novels existing society or present an alternative, even
fantastic, reality.
Propaganda
Literature
21
Jose Rizal
Notable Authors
○ A major proponent of the
“Propaganda movement.”
○ Authored Noli Me
Tangere and the El
filibusterismo.
22
Emilio Jacinto
○ Composer of numerous
Notable Authors political essays through
local language.
○ Known as “Brain of the
Katipunan.”
○ Wrote the Katipunan’s
“Kartilya” and “Liwanag at
Dilim”
23
Andres Bonifacio
Notable Authors
○ Influenced by liberal ideas
about human dignity.
○ Composed a recognized
piece “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang
Lupa.”
24
Jose Palma
Notable Authors ○ A Filipino poet and soldier.
○ A staff of La Independencia,
at the time he wrote Filipinas,
a patriotic poem in Spanish.
○ He also wrote the Himno
Nacional Filipino (The
Philippine National Anthem)
composed by Julian Felipe.
25
Revolutionary ○ Filipinos began to write novels and poems
Literary about love for their country.
Styles & Themes
○ Marked a drastic period of inflamed
emotions and fiery rhetoric on the account
of achieving freedom from the shackles of
tyranny.
26
○ Compose a reflection paper on a 1 short bond
paper regarding the guide questions.
REFLECT ON IT!
○ 3 paragraphs are needed. (Introduction, Body, and
Conclusion)
○ This is included in your work compilation.
27
○ Do you think it is relevant to understand the
evolution of literature in the Philippines? Why/
REFLECT ON IT! Why not?
○ As a student of literature and a Vicentian leaner,
how can you demonstrate social responsibility
through sharing what you learned others?
