Gas Turbine Cooling
Systems
PRESENTED BY :- HIMANSHU DAHIRE
ROLL NO. :- 19TS06014
GUIDED BY :- DR. ANIRBAN BHATTACHARYA
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESHWAR 1
RECAP OF SEMINAR 1
(COOLING OF GAS TURBINE BLADES)
2
• To double the engine power output, RIT need to be increased
from 2500˚F to 3500˚F and simultaneously pressure ratio
need to be increased from 20 to 40.
FIGURE – 1 : Progress in compressor pressure FIGURE – 2 : Variation of turbine entry
ratio. temperature over recent years.
(From Rohlik, H.E., Current and future technology trends in radial and axial gas turbines, NASA TM 83414, 1983; collected in Lakshminarayana, B.: Fluid Dynamics and Heat
Transfer of Turbomachinery. Chapter 7, pp. 597–721. 1996. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. With permission.) 3
Types of Turbine Blade Cooling
1. Internal Cooling
Impingement Pin fin Dimple Rib Turbulated
2. External Cooling
Film Transpiration
3. Thermal Barrier Coatings
4
SEMINAR 2
COOLING OF COMBUSTION
CHAMBER IN GAS TURBINE
FIGURE – 3 : Components of Turbojet Engine.
(source: Wikipedia)
5
Why cooling of combustion chamber
is required?
Increase Working Increase Increase
temperature Performance Pressure Ratio
May cause
melting
Increase in wall
temperature of
combustion
chamber
Increase in
thermal stresses
of the wall
6
Combustion Chamber
• Has outer casing and inner
line, separated by cold air.
• Heat transfer process consists
of convection and radiation.
• Always access of air available
in combustion chamber for
complete combustion.
• This access air is used as
coolant; advantage:
a) No heat is lost from FIGURE – 4 : A diagram of a gas
working cycle. turbine combustor.
(source: Wikipedia)
b) After mixing the resultant
temp. corresponds to the
max acceptable by turbine.
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Convective Cooling by External Air
Flow
• Most simple and convenient to
arrange.
• Air flows through the annular
region.
• Equilibrium temperature attained FIGURE – 5 :Cannular combustor for a
depends on the ratio of HT rate gas turbine engine, viewing axis on,
through the exhaust
upon its two sides. (source: Wikipedia)
• Can be enhanced by use of
secondary surface (fins).
• Limited by pressure drop allowed in
the combustion chamber.
FIGURE – 6 : fins
8
Use of louvered Surfaces for
cooling
• Has independent passages along which cooling air can flow.
• Pressure drop is desired for proper coolant flow.
FIGURE – 6 : A louvered liner construction FIGURE – 7 : Effect of varying air flow
(source: US patent (4,380,906) JAMES A. DIERBERGER ) (source: air cooling methods for gas turbine combustion chamber by FJ BAYLEY )
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SEMINAR_2 : Gas Turbine Cooling Systems (Cooling of Combustion Chamber)
Use of Porous Walls
• Provides many small passages
• Air jets forms the boundary layer
which reduces the rate of heat
transfer.
• Porosity of walls reduces over
time so, not preferred.
FIGURE – 8 :Gas turbine combustion
chamber effusion cooling principle
(source: Characterization of Flow and Heat Transfer in Sintered
Metal Foams by THOMAS FEND)
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SEMINAR_2 : Gas Turbine Cooling Systems (Cooling of Combustion Chamber)
Cooling by Localised Air Injection
• Reduces the rate of HT by creating a layer of
comparatively cold fluid.
• Laminar BL formation was only effectively achieved by
the porous walls, not on ordinary metal surface.
FIGURE – 9 :Calculated wall and boundary-layer temperature-
distribution curves.
(source: air cooling methods for gas turbine combustion chamber by FJ BAYLEY )
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SEMINAR_2 : Gas Turbine Cooling Systems (Cooling of Combustion Chamber)
Conclusion
• Most efficient & effective
of these methods is sweat
cooling. (disadvantage:
requires cooling)
• Second best method for
cooling is louvered
surfaces. It falls short by
‘no blanketing’ effect.
(disadvantage: relatively
bulky construction)
• External flow of air &
localised BL injection
produce appx. equal
cooling effect.
(advantage: simple
construction) FIGURE – 9 :A comparison between the different
methods of wall cooling.
(source: air cooling methods for gas turbine combustion chamber by FJ
BAYLEY )
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SEMINAR_2 : Gas Turbine Cooling Systems (Cooling of Combustion Chamber)
Thank you
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SEMINAR_2 : Gas Turbine Cooling Systems (Cooling of Combustion Chamber)
