This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of drawing. It discusses common drawing instruments such as pencils, pens, and markers. It also outlines common drawing surfaces like paper, cardboard, and whiteboards. The origins of basic drawing materials are then described, including the history of paper from 2nd century China, the evolution of pencils from styluses, and the development of the rubber eraser in the 18th century. Basic shapes, forms, shading techniques, and drawing the human face are also mentioned as topics to be covered.
This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of drawing. It discusses common drawing instruments such as pencils, pens, and markers. It also outlines common drawing surfaces like paper, cardboard, and whiteboards. The origins of basic drawing materials are then described, including the history of paper from 2nd century China, the evolution of pencils from styluses, and the development of the rubber eraser in the 18th century. Basic shapes, forms, shading techniques, and drawing the human face are also mentioned as topics to be covered.
This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of drawing. It discusses common drawing instruments such as pencils, pens, and markers. It also outlines common drawing surfaces like paper, cardboard, and whiteboards. The origins of basic drawing materials are then described, including the history of paper from 2nd century China, the evolution of pencils from styluses, and the development of the rubber eraser in the 18th century. Basic shapes, forms, shading techniques, and drawing the human face are also mentioned as topics to be covered.
This document provides an introduction to the fundamentals of drawing. It discusses common drawing instruments such as pencils, pens, and markers. It also outlines common drawing surfaces like paper, cardboard, and whiteboards. The origins of basic drawing materials are then described, including the history of paper from 2nd century China, the evolution of pencils from styluses, and the development of the rubber eraser in the 18th century. Basic shapes, forms, shading techniques, and drawing the human face are also mentioned as topics to be covered.
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ART APPRECIATION
Fundamentals of Drawing INTRODUCTION Drawing is a form of visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two – dimensional medium. An artist who practices or works in drawing may be called draftsman or draughtsman. The medium has been popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history. It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas. Instruments used for drawing include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, Crayons, Charcoal, Chalk, Pastels, Markers, styluses and various metals (such as silverpoint). Other materials used for drawing include various kinds of erasers, pencil sharpeners, geometric apparatus such as rulers, protractors, compass etc. The most common surfaces for drawing is paper, although other surface materials such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, may be used. Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything. Origin of Basic Drawing Materials The precursor to modern paper dates back to 2nd century BC in China. PAPER From China, the paper making process spread to the Middle East, then to medieval Europe in the 13th century, where the first water powered paper mills were built. In 1844, Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty and German F.G. Keller independently developed processes for pulping wood fibers significantly lowering the cost. Modern day paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. Origin of Basic Drawing Materials “Pencil” from French: “pincel”, which means ―a small paintbrush PENCIL From Latin: “penicillus” a "little tail― Evolution O Modern day pencils evolved from an ancient Roman writing instrument made of lead called a stylus. Lead poisoning from pencils was not uncommon Discovery of Graphite. Some time before 1565, an enormous deposit of graphite was discovered Cumbria, England. The locals found that it was very useful for marking sheep and thought it was some form of Lead. Graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous. Origin of Basic Drawing Materials An eraser is an article of stationery that is used for ERASER removing pencil markings.
Typical erasers are made from synthetic rubber, but more
expensive or specialized erasers are vinyl, plastic, or gum- like materials.
Before rubber erasers, tablets of rubber or wax were used to
erase lead or charcoal marks from paper. Bits of rough stone such as sandstone or pumice were used to remove small errors from parchment or papyrus documents written in ink. Crustless bread was used as an eraser in the past.
In 1770, Edward Nairne, an English engineer, is credited
with developing the first widely-marketed rubber eraser for an inventions competition. He sold natural rubber erasers for the high price of three shillings per half-inch cube. Basic Shapes and Forms SHADING DRAWING THE HUMAN FACE
It seems there might be a typographical error in your query. If you were referring to calculus, it is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of continuous change. Calculus is divided in (1)
It seems there might be a typographical error in your query. If you were referring to calculus, it is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of continuous change. Calculus is divided in (1)
