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What Is Biomedical Engineering?

Biomedical engineering is the application of engineering principles and techniques to medical problems. It involves designing medical devices, monitoring systems, and other tools that improve healthcare. Biomedical instruments are used to measure biological signals from the body, diagnose medical conditions, and guide treatment. They require sensors to detect parameters, electronics to process signals and interface with computers, and computation units for data storage and analysis. Key performance parameters for biomedical instruments include accuracy, precision, resolution, reproducibility, and sensitivity. Common types are measuring, recording, analysis, and controlling instruments used for systems like cardiac and respiratory monitoring.

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Sandeep Reddy
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63 views14 pages

What Is Biomedical Engineering?

Biomedical engineering is the application of engineering principles and techniques to medical problems. It involves designing medical devices, monitoring systems, and other tools that improve healthcare. Biomedical instruments are used to measure biological signals from the body, diagnose medical conditions, and guide treatment. They require sensors to detect parameters, electronics to process signals and interface with computers, and computation units for data storage and analysis. Key performance parameters for biomedical instruments include accuracy, precision, resolution, reproducibility, and sensitivity. Common types are measuring, recording, analysis, and controlling instruments used for systems like cardiac and respiratory monitoring.

Uploaded by

Sandeep Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Biomedical Engineering?

The discipline of engineering and medicine interacts, it is called


Biomedical Engineering. Biomedical engineering is the application of
knowledge and technologies to solve the problem of the living system. It
involves diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease in human
What is Biomedical Instrumentation?

It involves measurement of biological signals like ECG, EMG, or any


electrical signals generated in the human body. Biomedical
Instrumentation helps physicians to diagnose the problem and
provide treatment. To measure biological signals and to design a
medical instrument, concepts of electronics and measurement
techniques are needed. It helps us to measure, record, and transmit
to or from the body.
Basic blocks of Biomedical instruments
A sensor must: • detect biochemical, bioelectrical, or biophysical parameters
• reproduce the physiologic time response of these parameters
• provide a safe interface with biological materials
An actuator must: • deliver external agents via direct or indirect contact
• control biochemical, bioelectrical, or biophysical parameters
• provide a safe interface with biologic materials
Electronics Interface . The electronics interface must:
•match the electrical characteristics of the sensor/actuator with the computation unit
• preserve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of sensor
• preserve efficiency of actuator
• preserve bandwidth (i.e., time response) of sensor/actuator
• provide a safe interface with the sensor/actuator
• provide a safe interface with the computation unit
• provide secondary signal processing functions for the system
Computation Unit
The computation unit must: • provide primary user interface
• provide primary control for the overall system
• provide data storage for the system
• provide primary signal processing functions for the system
• maintain safe operation of the overall system
Performance Parameters for biomedical Instrument:

Accuracy: The accuracy of a single measured quantity is the difference between the true value
and the measured value divided by the true value:
True value − measured valu
Accuracy =
True value
Precision: The precision of a measurement expresses the number of distinguishable alternatives
from which a given result is selected. On most modern instrumentation systems the precision is
ultimately determined by the analog-to-digital converter (AID) characteristics.

Resolution: The smallest quantity that can be measured with certainty is the resolution.
Resolution expresses the degree to which nearly equal values of a quantity can be discriminated.

Reproducibility: The ability of an instrument to give the same output for equal inputs applied
over some period of time is called reproducibility. Drift is the primary limit on reproducibility.

Sensitivity: Sensitivity describes changes in system output for a given change in a single input. It
is quantified by holding all inputs constant except one. This one input is varied incrementally
over the normal operating range, producing a range of outputs needed to compute the
sensitivity.
Types of Biomedical Instruments :

• Direct / Indirect

• Invasive / Noninvasive

• Sense / Actuate

• Contact / Remote

• Dynamic / Static

•Passive/ Active Instruments


• Different Biomedical Instruments (Based on Application)

• Measuring Instrument
Audiometer Blood cell counter Blood pressure meterDigital BP meter Blood flow
Blood PH meter Stethoscope
• Recording Instrument
Electrocardiograph Electromyography Expiropgraph Thermograph
Tomograph Ultra sonograph Radio graph (X-ray)
• Recording Instrument
Bed side monitor Bio-monitor Foetal monitor
• Analysis Instrument
Colorimeter Spectrophotometer Flame photo meter
• Controlling Instrument
Defibrillator Dialysis Instrument Heart lung machine
Cardiac system
Cardiac system
Cardiac system
Cardiac system
Anatomy of Respiratory System
Respiratory process
Respiratory process

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